Systemic and metabolic disorders Flashcards
what are the manifestations of thiamine deficiency?
- cardiomyopathy
- peripheral neuropathy
- wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
what are the signs and symptoms of wernicke-korsakoff syndrome?
- ataxia
- confabulations
- ophthalmoplegia
- delirium
what is the main symptom of B6 deficiency?
- sensory ataxia
which drugs can cause B6 deficiency?
- isoniazide
- cylcoserine
- penicillamine
vitamin E deficiency can cause what symptoms?
- neuropathy
- ataxia
rapid correction of hyponatremia will cause _________
osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis)
what is the prominent symptom from hypokalemia?
weakness
what are the symptoms of hypocalcemia? which test can be done to test for some of these signs?
- hypoparathyroidism
- renal failure
- pancreatitis
- seizure
- MS changes
- tetany
- Chvostek’s sign
what are the symptoms of hypermagenesemia?
- reduced reflexes
- lethargy
can hypo- or hyper- glycemia cause focal cerebral dysfunction / neurologic symptoms?
hypoglycemia
what is PRES? what are the features?
- posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- accelerated HTN
- headache, seizure, MS changes
- papilledema
- MRI may show parieto-occipital white matter changes
what are signs / symptoms of pulmonary disease (hypoxia, hypercarbia)?
- severe hypoxia: lethargy, MS changes
- hypercarbia: MS changes, headache
what are signs / symptoms of liver failure? how is it treated?
- MS changes
- asterixis
- triphasic waves on EEG
- removal of ammoniagenic compounds
what is a clue for neurosarcoidosis?
multiple cranial neuropathies
what are the demographics for takayasu arteritis? what are the features?
- young adults, women, asians, and children
- focal cerebral ischemia or subclavian steal
