Stroke I Flashcards
are strokes defined at all by the element of time?
no
what is a TIA?
transient ischemic stroke - stroke process without cell death
what are the two major subtypes of stroke? what are the proportions?
- hemorrhagic (15%)
- ischemic (85%)
what is the most common cause / subtype of ischemic stroke?
cryptogenic
what are the symptoms of lacunar strokes?
- pure motor
- pure sensory
- mixed
- clumsy hand (less common)
- dysarthria
- ataxic hemiparesis (beyond weakness, very clumsy / ataxic)
what are the major risk factors for lacunar strokes?
- HTN
- age
- diabetes
the lenticulostriate arteries supply what major brain areas?
- head of caudate
- internal capsule
- thalamus
- lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus medially, putamen laterally)
what are the two types of onset / progression for lacunar strokes?
- very sudden (more common)
- stuttering
most of the time strokes are NOT ____________
stereotypical
lacunar strokes display what type of specific pathology? what are the major risk factors for this?
- lipohyalinosis
- HTN
- age
- diabetes
what is the number 1 determinant / risk factor for stroke?
age
lacunar strokes are prone to what type of aneurysms?
charcot-bouchard type
what is dejerine-roussy?
pain syndrome caused by a stroke to the thalamus
what are the symptoms of stroke? what is the overarching theme?
- sudden hemiparesis or hemisensory loss
- sudden confusion, aphasia, dyarthria
- sudden visual loss
- sudden severe headache without apparent cause
- sudden ataxia, dizziness, or incoordination
- sudden change in neurologic function
strokes in the anterior circle of willis lead to what symptoms?
- motor
- sensory
- speech
- language**
- vision
- cognition
strokes in the posterior circle of willis lead to what symptoms?
- motor
- sensory
- speech
- vision
- CNs**
- cognition
the anterior circle of willis pertains to what arteries?
carotid and branches
the posterior circle of willis pertains to what arteries?
vertebrobasilar and its branches
what are the two types of hemorrhagic stroke and their prevalences?
- intraparenchymal 10%
- subarachnoid 5%
where do intraparenchymal hemorrhages typically occur? what is the usual cause?
- basal ganglia
- internal capsule
- pons
- thalamus
- deep cerebellum
- HYPERTENSION
which test is 99.9% sensitive for acute blood?
HCT (head CT)
what is the main cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
rupture of intracranial saccular aneurysms 80%
what is a sentinel hemorrhage?
tiny bleeds that can occur before a large stroke occurs
what is the clinical presentation for subaarachnoid hemorrhage?
- sudden severe headache
- LOC, focal neuro findings variable
- meningeal signs variable
- subhyaloid hemorrhages within eye variable
- sentinel hemorrhage 10-50% may precede
