System Operations

Question 1

If sabotage occurs on Transmission system, who should be notified

Answer 1

FBI

Question 2

Per COM-001, telecommunication shall be

Answer 2

redundant and diversely routed

Question 3

NERC requires what language to be universally used when communicating among operators/RC’s of the BES

Answer 3

English

Question 4

What is NERCnet

Answer 4

a wide area network using frame relay as its communications medium

Question 5

Per COM-002, requires each TO, BA and GO to have communications with appropriate RC’s, BA’s and TO’s. These communications include?

Answer 5

both voice and data links

Question 6

Who is notified when a condition threatens the reliability of its area or when firm load shedding is anticipated?

Answer 6

The RC and all other potentially affected BA’s and TO’s

Question 7

When testing telecommunications channels, special attention should be given to emergency telecommunications facilities and….

Answer 7

equipment not used for routine communications

Question 8

Which entities are expected by NERC to issue directives in a clear, concise and definitive manner?

Answer 8

RC’s, TO’s and BA’s

Question 9

PER-005 specifies the requirement for emergency operations training is…

Answer 9

32 hours annually

Question 10

PER-001 requires TO’s and BA’s must have the ________ and _______ to implement real-time actions to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the BES

Answer 10

responsibility and authority

Question 11

PER-003 NERC requires that TO’s, BA’s and RC’s who fill a real-time operating position be…..

Answer 11

certified

Question 12

What is Generator Shift Factor

Answer 12

A factor to be applied to a generator’s expected change in
output to determine the amount of flow contribution that
change in output will impose on an identified transmission
facility or Flowgate

Question 13

Power Transfer Distribution Factor

Answer 13

In the pre-contingency configuration of a system under
study, a measure of the responsiveness or change in
electrical loadings on transmission system Facilities due to
a change in electric power transfer from one area to
another, expressed in percent (up to 100%) of the change
in power transfer. Can be expressed -100 to +100

Question 14

To determine the power transfer distribution factor you take the….

Answer 14

amount of MW reduction needed and divide it by the percentage of the lines PTDF…. example 100mw reduction on a line with 70% PTSD 100.7 = 143MW

Question 15

how to figure out generation shift factors (GSF)

Answer 15

GSF=[(change in path flow) \ (change in generation)] x 100

Question 16

If a generation shift factor is a negative it…

Answer 16

an increase in generation would result in a decrease in transmission line flow, thus relieves line loading, this is because typically the generation increase is close to load

Question 17

The amount of relief determined by generation shift factor is..

Answer 17

Take the amount of overload and divide it by the GSF

Question 18

If a generations shift factor is positive it…

Answer 18

with decreased generation it will relieve loading on the transmission line

Question 19

How to determine MW impact using GSF’s

Answer 19

MW Impact = Genration MW x GSF

Question 20

How does a generation shift factor of .2 affect the transmission line

Answer 20

20% of any generation change will be reflected on the transmission line’s flow

Question 21

When there are two generators to adjust using GSF what is the equation

Answer 21

Amount of relief (overload) / shift factor A - shift factor B this will be the change in generation for generator B

Question 22

Outage Transfer Distribution Factors help system operators…

Answer 22

estimate the effect of an outages transmission elements

Question 23

When power flow is expected to reach or exceed a SOL, what is one of the first things an operator can do.

Answer 23

Redistribute power flow to relieve the overload… i.e. generation re-dispatch

Question 24

Vital telecommunications facilities shall be..

Answer 24

managed, alarmed , tested and/or actively monitored

Question 25

How to determine difference between vandalism and sabotage

Answer 25

intent

Question 26

SOL’s are determined by

Answer 26

• Setting appropriate voltage levels to withstand various contingencies - Identifying equipment loading capability before excessive heat degrades their function - Recognizing stability limitations

Question 27

Certification of operating personnel is necessary to ensure ________ competencies for operation a reliable BES

Answer 27

Minimum