EOPS

Question 1

Interruptible Load or Interruptible Demand

Answer 1

Demand that the end-use customer makes available to its Load-Serving Entity via contract or agreement for curtailment

Question 2

BA’s shall have operating agreements with who?

Answer 2

adjacents BA’s, these contain provisions for emergency assistance including support from remote BA’s (BA’s that do not touch your BA boundary)

Question 3

What is the primary objective of each BA during a capacity or energy emergency?

Answer 3

return ACE to an acceptable value

Question 4

The development of emergency load reduction plan for all IROL violation is the responsibility of who?

Answer 4

TO

Question 5

What are the 4 types of plans each TO and BA are required to develop, maintain and implement

Answer 5

Generation shortage capacity, transmission systems emergency, load shedding and system restoration

Question 6

What are required to be in the plans

Answer 6

communication protocols, control actions (things that will resolve emergency), coordination with other BA’s and TO’s and staffing levels

Question 7

each emergency plan is updated how often

Answer 7

annually, and plans are provided to RC and neighboring TO’s and BA’s

Question 8

______ is the rated continuous load carrying ability of generation, transmission or other electrical equipment expressed in MW

Answer 8

capcity

Question 9

What are the four things a BA must do prior to having an EEA declared

Answer 9

Bring on all available generation, postpone equipment maint., scheduling interchange purchases in advance, being prepared to shed firm load load.

Question 10

When using voltage reduction for energy emergencies, what is the rule of thumb.

Answer 10

a 5% reduction in voltage results in a 3% reduction in load

Question 11

When an EEA is issued what does the RC do?

Answer 11

Start actions to mitigate the emergency (request emergency assistance if needed) and notify all BA’s and TSP in its area also notify all other RC’s

Question 12

There are two reasons an LSE would require an EEA

Answer 12

They cannot locate available resources to purchase and they cannot schedule due to available transmission limitations

Question 13

Describe EEA1

Answer 13

all available resources are committed to meet firm load, firm transactions and reserve commitments and non firm wholesale sales have been curtailed.

Question 14

Describe EEA2

Answer 14

no longer able to provides the customers expected energy requirements and has started procedures to make up the insufficient energy, like public appeals, voltage reduction, interruptible loads

Question 15

Describe EEA3

Answer 15

firm customer load is being shed, during EEA3 the deficient BA must give hourly updates to the RC

Question 16

What are the two types of automatic load shedding

Answer 16

undervolatge and underfrequency

Question 17

describe undervolatge load shed

Answer 17

load shed that is designed to prevent local area voltage collapse from lack of reactive resources

Question 18

describe underfrequency load shed

Answer 18

load that is shed to re-balance load and generation within an electrical island caused by a system disturbance

Question 19

low frequency causes damage to what kind of turbine

Answer 19

low pressure blades in steam turbine

Question 20

UVLS is designed to drop loads in

Answer 20

pre-selected blocks

Question 21

Each Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority shall establish plans for automatic load shedding for __________ or ___________ conditions

Answer 21

underfrequency or undervoltage

Question 22

Which entities has the responsibility to establish plans for load shedding

Answer 22

TO and BA

Question 23

why are reports sent to NERC

Answer 23

to note lessons learned and implement corrective actions

Question 24

timeframe an entity has to report to NERC

Answer 24

initial report is due 24hrs, except if it’s an IROL violation then its 72 hours. final report due in 60 days

Question 25

NERC reporting guildlines are

Answer 25

system sepration, firm load shed of 100mw or more, IROL violation, operator error, loss of generation, loss of BES component affecting system integrity, equip. failures or system operational actions resulting in loss of firm system demands for more than 15 mins.

Question 26

define disturbance

Answer 26

An unplanned event that produces an abnormal system condition or any perturbation to the electric system or the unexpected change in ACE that is caused by the sudden failure of generation or interruption of load

Question 27

entity experiencing a reportable incident shall provide a preliminary written report to

Answer 27

NERC & RRO

Question 28

TO’s shall have restoration plans in the event of partial or total system shutdown, plans must be….

Answer 28

updated to reflect changes, reviewed at least annually, developed for restoring interconnection and coordinated with neighboring systems

Question 29

if load must be shed in an island and good rule of thumb is

Answer 29

shed 6-10% of connected load will increase frequency by 1hz

Question 30

when restoring load in an island. how much load to be restored at one time.

Answer 30

5% of online generations capacity

Question 31

if you are in a island trying to pick up load and there is one 1000 MW generator online generating 500MW, how much load could you pick up?

Answer 31

50MW, 5% of 1000

Question 32

When re-synchronizing what are the 3 things that are measured

Answer 32

Phase angle. voltage and frequency…if possible phase angle should be 10 derees or less

Question 33

what are some things an operator can do when syncing two islands together when there is a large phase angle

Answer 33

re-dispatch generation, change system configuration, shed load

Question 34

True or False: the RC is required to have an RC area restoration plan

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What document must RCs sign because of market transaction

Answer 35

NERC Reliability Coordinator Standards of Conduct

Question 36

Re-synchronizing with the interconnection should only be attempted where

Answer 36

breaker with sync check or generating plant

Question 37

are reliability entities required to have a backup control center

Answer 37

no, but they are required to have plan to continue reliable operations, including procedures to address the loss of voice and data…… primary control center is also not required to have redundant power supply

Question 38

What must be included in a plan for the loss of a primary control center

Answer 38

basic-tie line control, hourly accounting of all schedules, time and frequency control

Question 39

Implementation of the Capacity and Emergency plan is required and appropriate to

Answer 39

reduce risk to the interconnected system

Question 40

Verification of the restoration procedure shall be confirmed by

Answer 40

actual testing or by simulation

Question 41

If a Transmission Operator operates a system at a voltage of less than 100 kV, and experiences a restoration event, does this change the Reliability Coordinator’s role in the restoration process

Answer 41

no, Standard EOP-006 does not address specific voltage requirements when discussing the role of the Reliability Coordinator in the restoration process

Question 42

most critical issue in implementing a backup control center is its access to

Answer 42

voice and data communications