SOS Study

Question 1

What is a Interconnection Reliability Operating Limit (IROL)

Answer 1

A System Operating Limit that, if violated, could lead to instability, uncontrolled seperation, or Cascading outages that adversely impact the reliability of the Bulk Electric
System

Question 2

What is a System Operating Limit (SOL)

Answer 2

The value (such as MW, MVar, Amperes, Frequency or Volts) that satisfies the most limiting of the prescribed operating
criteria

Question 3

What is Impedance

Answer 3

A measure of the total opposition to current flow in an alternating current circuit. It has two components; resistance and reactance

Question 4

What is Phase Angle

Answer 4

The angular separation between the current and voltage cycles

Question 5

What is Power Angle

Answer 5

The voltage angular difference between two locations in the power system

Question 6

The AVR regulates the amount of DC applied to the?

Answer 6

Rotor

Question 7

Real power or MW’s flow in which direction?

Answer 7

from the higher power angle to the lower power angle (could also be said higher voltage angel to lower voltage angle)

Question 8

Reactive power or MVAR flow in which direction

Answer 8

from the higher voltage magnitude to the lower voltage magnitude

Question 9

Impedance is made up of?

Answer 9

Capacitance, Inductance and Resistance

Question 10

What is steady state stability

Answer 10

when the system parameters such as voltage, frequency and power flows may be changing but the changes are small and occur gradually

Question 11

What is Transient stability

Answer 11

the ability of the power system to overcome a situation where a sudden, large change takes place on the sytem without violating SOL’s. Could be a loss of generator and sever system fault.

Question 12

What is Transient Instability

Answer 12

when the power system operates at an angle of 90 degress or more can be caused when heavy power transfers occur in the system as with a loss of genreation

Question 13

Generator ratings specify the __________ and ___________ at which they can operate safely

Answer 13

voltage and frequency

Question 13

What part of the operating reserve is used to meet CPS

Answer 13

Regulating reserve

Question 14

What part of operating reserve is used to meet DCS

Answer 14

Contingency reserve, spin and non spin

Question 15

If two systems are severely out of synch (large frequency difference) what is likely to be reported on the synced scope

Answer 15

A vibrating indicating needle

Question 16

Firm load shed for continuity of the BES of how much MW’s needs to be reported to NERC

Answer 16

100 MW or more

Question 17

Loss of firm load > or = to ___________ requires reporting to NERC

Answer 17

Entities with > or = to 3000 MW reports loss of > or = 300 MW.

All other entities report loss of > or = 200 MW or 50% of total demand

Loss reported within 24 hours

Question 18

Firm load reporting is how much to NERC

Answer 18

> or = 100 MW report time is 24 hrs

Question 19

Which entities may determine the deviation of a dynamic schedule constitutes reliability concern? Who do they notify?

Answer 19

RC or TO and notify the PSE

Question 20

Emergency plans should be review and updated by the TO and BA how often?

Answer 20

Annually

Question 21

Emergency plans must include interim provisions if it is expected to take more then ________ to implement the contingency plan for loss of the primary control center?

Answer 21

60 minutes