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NERC > Resource and Demand Balancing > Flashcards

Resource and Demand Balancing Flashcards

1
Q

The primary obligation of a BA is to

A

control generation to balance load and interchange and to help regulate and stabilize the frequency of the interconnection

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2
Q

What tool does the BA have to see if they are meeting their obligation?

A

ACE

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3
Q

The minimum compliance for CPS1 is

A

100%

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4
Q

It is necessary that at least 50% of both ACE and frequency deviation samples during the one-minute interval be present to determine CPS1 compliance if not that one-minute interval will be….

A

excluded

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5
Q

CPS2 reflects the BA obligation to minimize what?

A

large unscheduled power flows exceeding the BA’s L sub 10 value

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6
Q

CPS1 and CPS2 is calculated and reported how often?

A

each calendar month

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7
Q

CPS2 Minimum and Maximum compliance is

A

90% and 100%

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8
Q

the BA providing overlap regulation take responsibility for

A

CPS1, tie lines, frequency response and schedules

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9
Q

If the BA’s ACE is zero it is in compliance with what?

A

CPS1

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10
Q

What is the purpose of DCS (Disturbance Control Standard)

A

Ensure BA is able to utilize contingency reserve - Balance resource and demand - Return Interconnection frequency within defined limits following a reportable disturbance

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11
Q

Contingency reserves on jointly owned units can be claimed by how many BA’s in a reserve sharing group

A

one

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12
Q

Contingency reserve activation applies to what?

A

loss of generation, does not apply to loss of load

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13
Q

How long does a BA have to recover from a reportable disturbance?

A

15 mins to recover ACE then 90 mins to recover reserves.

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14
Q

Non spin contingency reserves may be supplied from where?

A

quick start generation, controllable load resources or coordinated adjustments to interchange schedules (non firm sales being cut)

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15
Q

What are the types of reserves?

A

Operating reserves which consists of (spin and non spin) and also Regulating Reserves. Contingency reserves is a subset of operating reserves

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16
Q

How much contingency reserves are BA’s required to carry.

A

enough to cover their most severe single contingency

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17
Q

Any event that is greater to or equal to ____ of the MSSC is a reportable event

A

80%

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18
Q

Events greater than 100% of MSSC are

A

reportable events but there are no penalties for failure to meet DCS

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19
Q

If two generators trip within _____ of each other this is treated as a single event

A

60 seconds

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20
Q

What happens when during a DCS event, a BA loses another big generator during the 15mins recovery period.

A

The 2nd generator lost will be excluded from the evaluation and the BA will be evaluated by an estimate of its response if the 2nd generator didn’t trip.

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21
Q

What happens when during a DSC event a BA loses another big generator during the 90 mins contingency reserve period?

A

The loss has to be reported and the BA should try to recover. The BA can request a waiver if they do no have sufficient reserves due to previous contingencies.

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22
Q

Each reserve sharing group is considered in a disturbance when…

A

a group member has experienced a reportable disturbance and calls for activation of contingency reserves from one or more group members

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23
Q

DCS requires what compliance?

A

100% and is reported quarterly

24
Q

In an event a BA doesnt meet the DCS standard, what is the penalty?

A

The BA shall increase it’s contingency reserves for the following quarter

25
Q

MSSC is reviewed how often by a BA

A

at least annually

26
Q

a ___ decrease in frequency will result in a _____ decrease in load

A

1 % ….. 2%

27
Q

What is the frequency response characteristic used to determine?

A

The proper frequency bias in the ACE equation

28
Q

What is the equation to determine how a generator will respond with droop setting

A

generator rating over droop setting in HZ = MW response (x) over difference in frequency. then cross multiply.
500mw/3hz = X/.05 (freq. goes from 60 to 59.95hz)

29
Q

If BA has frequency bias setting above frequency response characteristic

A

ACE will be negative and AGC responds by increasing generation. resulting in an increase in inadvertent interchange

30
Q

If BA has frequency bias setting below frequency response characteristic

A

ACE will be positive and AGC will respond by reducing generation. The result is a decrease contribution to arresting the frequency decay

31
Q

What control system arrest frequency decline

A

Generator governor control

32
Q

AGC _______ and _________ adjusts a BA’s generation in response to changes.

A

automatically and economically

33
Q

What is a Dynamic Schedule?

A

A telemetered reading or value that is updated in real time. It is represented in the NIs portion of the ACE equation

34
Q

What is a Pseudo tie?

A

A telemetered reading or value that is updated in real time and used as a virtual tie-line flow in the AGC/ACE equation, but where no physical tie or energy metering actuallu exists. it si represented in the NIa portion of the ACE equation

35
Q

If a BA cannot calculate ACE for more then _________ the appropriate ______ must be notified

A

30 mins, RC

36
Q

What are the 3 AGC control modes

A

tie-line bias, flat or constant frequency control and flat or constant interchange control

37
Q

flat frequency control is used when

A

A BA is isolated or islanded or the status of the tie lines are uncertain

38
Q

flat interchange control is used when

A

the frequency signal is unavailable

39
Q

what is the most common mode of AGC

A

tie-line bias

40
Q

AGC uses the ACE equation to…

A

minimize inadvertent interchange and provide frequency support to the interconnection

41
Q

common mwh meters provide readings to..

A

the control centers of both adjacent BA’s

42
Q

If a BA is providing regulating services for another BA, and for some reason can no longer provide that service who is notified?

A

the host BA and any intermediate BA’s that might be affected

43
Q

what are the two types of Inadvertent Interchage

A

Primary and secondary

44
Q

What causes primary inadvertent

A

human error, scheduling errors and metering errors

45
Q

What causes secondary inadvertent

A

frequency support, regulation and governor response

46
Q

What are the two ways of inadvertent interchange payback?

A

Bilateral or Unilateral

47
Q

What is Bilateral Payback

A

paid back using an interchange schedule with another BA

48
Q

What is Unilateral Payback

A

paid back by unilaterally controlling to a target of non zero ACE

49
Q

how often is inadvertent interchange calculated and recorded

A

hourly

50
Q

3 BA’s share the output of a jointly owned generator using dynamics reserves. How do the BA’s account for the unit when calculating their frequency bias?

A

Include their respective share of the unit governor droop response

51
Q

two BA’s equally share a generator located in the Host BA’s area. the receiver gets its share of the unit via a fixed schedule. how should the 2 BA’s treat the shared unti when determining their frequency bias setting?

A

the host BA should include all of the units frequency response in its bias setting, the receiver should exclude it

52
Q

what must be included in the scheduled interchanges values used to calculate ACE

A

the effect of ramp rates

53
Q

Each BA by the end of the next business day shall agree with its adjacent BA’s to…

A

the hourly values of Net interchange schedule and the hourly integrated mwh values of net actual interchange

53
Q

BA providing Overlap regulation…..

A

Incorporates another BA’s actual interchange, frequency response and schedules into their ACE equation..also a BA that is supplying overlap regulation shall increase its frequency bias setting to match the frequency response of the entire area being controlled.

54
Q

BA proving supplemental regulation….

A

The BA proving the regulation receives a signal representing all or a portion of the other BA ACE…..a BA shall not change it frequency bias setting when performing supplemental regulation service

NERC (8 decks)

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