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Repro Images + Micro > Syphilis > Flashcards

Syphilis Flashcards

1
Q

Tx of syphilis

A

PCN

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2
Q

(T/F): Treponema pallidum cannot be cultured OR gram stained

A

True

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3
Q

What causes the symptoms of syphilis?

A

Host inflammatory response

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4
Q

How can early syphilis be diagnosed?

A

Dark field microscopy

Can’t be cultured or gram stained and antibodies have not yet developed for serological testing

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5
Q

What is the structure of Treponema pallidum?

A

Inner membrane + periplasmic space + outer membrane

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6
Q

What is contained in the periplasmic space?

A

Peptidoglycan + axial filaments

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7
Q

How does Treponema pallidum outer membrane differ from gram - outer membranes?

A

Contains lipids and lipoproteins rather than LPS; these MAY contribute to the inflammatory response

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8
Q

How does T. pallidum move?

A

Flagella-like organelles called axial filaments which are in the periplasm

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9
Q

Timeframe: primary syphilis

A

2-3 weeks after infection; resolves in 3-6 weeks

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10
Q

Timeframe: secondary syphilis

A

A month after infection; resolves in ~ 1 month if untreated

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11
Q

Timeframe: early latent syphilis

A

1-2 year period after resolution of 2 syphilis

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12
Q

Timeframe : late latent syphilis

A

1-2 years post-infection; can last lifetime

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13
Q

Possible outcomes of late latent syphilis?

A

Spontaneously resolve, progress to tertiary syphilis, or infection remain latent for lifetime

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14
Q

(T/F): Congenital syphilis will be apparent immediately following birth

A

False - not always; may present 2+ years after birth

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15
Q

2 big sx of primary syphilis

A

Chancre + nonpainful inguinal lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

7 big sx of secondary syphilis

A 
Rash (all over body + hands and feet)
Condylomata lata (perineal and anal areas)
Fever
HA (mild meningitis)
Hair loss
Snail-track lesions (oral + genital)
Non-tender, diffuse lymphadenopathy
17
Q

No sx but positive serology

A

Early and late latent stages

18
Q

Positive serology but not infectious

A

Late latent (tertiary may not have titers)

19
Q

Late vs. early latent syphilis

A

Both have positive titers but early latent can relapse to secondary and is infectious while late does not relapse and is not infectious

20
Q

Endarteritis

A

Tertiary syphilis

21
Q

7 big sx of tertiary syphilis

A

Gummas (skin and bone lesions)
Tabes dorsalis (shuffling gait + lightening pain)
Paresis
Personality change, insanity, paranoia
Meningovascular syphilis (occlusion/infarction of cerebral arteries)
Meningitis
Aortic aneurysm/aortic valve regurgitation

22
Q

9 big sx of congenital syphilis

A 
Snuffles
Bullous rash
Snail track lesions
Condylomata lata
Saber shins
Frontal bossing
Gun barrel vision
Hepatosplenomegaly
Hutchison's triad (sharp teeth + keratitis + deaf)
23
Q

(T/F): Since syphilis isn’t viable outside of the body for more than a few minutes, it can only be transmitted via sexual contact.

A

False - may also be transmitted by biting, handling a contaminated catheter, or touching a crack in skin of chancre or snail track lesion

24
Q

In which demographic groups are syphilis rates the highest?

A

Urban, AA, and MSM populations

25
Q

Tests sensitive for syphilis

A

Non-treponemal = RPR and VDRL

26
Q

Tests specific for T. pallidum

A

Treponemal = FTA-abs

27
Q

How does RPR/VDRL work?

A

Carbon coated with beef cardiolipin then patient serum added; if agglutination occurs, positive tests

28
Q

Conditions associated with a false positive RPR

A

Viral hepatitis, lupus, pregnancy, mono

29
Q

How does FTA-abs work?

A

Use non-pathogenic treponemes cross-reacted with patient serum to remove antibodies; mix serum with T. pallidum on slide; add fluorescent antibodies; if fluorescence observed in the dark, positive

30
Q

How can you monitor syphilis response to Abx?

A

With non-treponemal tests (RPR/VDRL) because these titers reduce with cure while FTA-abs titers tend to remain for months to years after cure

31
Q

Chancroid vs. chancre

A

Chancroid - H. dupreyi; soft; painful

Chancre - T. pallidum; hard; nonpainful

32
Q

Tx of syphilis

A

Large, single IM dose of PCN G

Repro Images + Micro (16 decks)

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