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Chemistry > Synthesis > Flashcards

Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane to halogenoalkane

A

X2 and uv light

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2
Q

Alkene to dihalogenoalkane

A

X2 and low temp

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3
Q

Alkene to diol

A

Acidified KMnO4

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4
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A

Steam, H3PO4 catalyst at high temp

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5
Q

Alkene to halognoalkane

A

HX

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6
Q

Alocohol to Ester

A

Carboxylate acid, acid catalyst, heat, or acyl chloride

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7
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde or ketone

A

K2cr2o7, H2SO4 reflux and heat or distil if aldehyde due to partial oxidation

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8
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Conc H3PO4

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9
Q

Alcohol to halogenoalkane

A

KBr 50 percent H2SO4
PCl5 or HCl
Red phosphorus, I2 reflux

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10
Q

Ester to alcohol

A

Dilute acid or alkali, reflux

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11
Q

Ester to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute acid or alkali reflux

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12
Q

Aldehyde or ketone to alcohol

A

LiAlH4

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13
Q

Aldehyde or ketone to hydroxynitrile

A

KCN and H plus, or HCN ethanol and reflux

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14
Q

Aldehyde and ketones to carboxulic acid

A

K2Cr2O7 acidified with reflex and eat

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15
Q

Carboxylic acid to acyl chloride

A

PCl5

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16
Q

Acyl chloride to amide

A

NH3 to make primary amide, or primary amine to make n substituted amide

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17
Q

Carboxylic acid to Ester

A

Alcohol, acid catalyst and heat

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18
Q

Nitrile to primary amine

A

LiAlH4 then dilute acid
Or
H2m nickel or platinum catalyst high temp and pressure

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19
Q

Nitrile to carboxylic acid

A

Dilute HCl reflux

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20
Q

Halogenoalkane to alkene

A

KOH ethanol and reflux

21
Q

Halogenoalkane to carboxylic acid

A

MGdry ether and reflux with CO2

22
Q

Carboxylic acid to alcohol

A

LiAlH4, gives primary alcohol

23
Q

Primary amine to amine

A

Halogenoalkane

24
Q

Halogenoalkane to nitrile

A

KCN, ethanol and reflux

25
Q

Alkene to alkane

A

H2, nickel catalyst

26
Q

Acyl chloride to carboxylic acid

A

Cold H2O

27
Q

Acyl chloride to Ester

A

Alcohol

28
Q

Halogenoalkane to primary amine

A

Excess ethanol ammonia and heat

29
Q

Halogenoalkane to alcohol

A

Warm aqueous KOH reflux , or Mg dry ether and then a carbonyl then dilute acid

30
Q

Nitrobenzene to phenylamine

A

Tin, conc HCl reflux then NaOH p

31
Q

Benzene to nitrobenzene

A

Conc nitric acid and con sulfuric acid

32
Q

Benzene to halobenzene

A

X2 halogen carrier

33
Q

Benzene to phenylketone

A

Acyl chloride, AlCl3 as catalyst and reflux

34
Q

Benzene to alkyl benzene

A

Halogenoalkane, AlCl3 catalyst relux

35
Q

Phenol to 2,4,6 tribromophenol

A

Bromine water

36
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Al2O3 dehydration

37
Q

What reaction is halogenoalkane to alcohol or other way around

A

Nucleophilic substitutn

38
Q

Alcohol to acyl hydrogensulfate

A

Water warm, hydrolysis

39
Q

Carboxylic acid to acid anhydride

A

P2O5 distil

40
Q

Acid anhydride to carboxylic acid

A

Water reflux in hydration

41
Q

Grignard to carboxylic acid

A

CO2 and acid

42
Q

Grignard to primary alcohol

A

Methanal and acid

43
Q

Grignard to secondary alcohol

A

Other aldehyde and acid

44
Q

Grignard to tertiary alcohol

A

Ketone and HCl

45
Q

Benzene to bromobenzene

A

Fe filings and br2

Febr3

46
Q

Benzene to cyclohexane

A

H2 nickel catalyst

47
Q

Methyl benzene to benzanoic acid

A

KMnO4 aqueous NaOH reflux

48
Q

Benzene to methyl benzene

A

Ch3Cl AlCl3 and reflux

49
Q

Benzene to phenol ethanone

A

Ch3COCl, AlCl3 catalyst and reflux

Chemistry (10 decks)

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