Syntax Flashcards
syntax
a component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expression out of smaller expressions. also a name for the field of linguistics that studies how expression can combine to form larger expression
linguistic expression
a linguistic expression that has to be listed in mental lexicon single word expression and idioms
grammatical
a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some languages especially syntactic rules
ungrammatical
not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language especially syntactic rules. when some phrase expression is not constructed in accordance with the syntactic rules of a language, we say it is ungrammatical or syntactically ill formed.
grammaticality judgment
an instance of a native speaker of some languages deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language
principle of compositionally
the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from that meaning of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined
lexical expressions
a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon single word expression and idioms
phrasal expression
a linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expression. a multi-word linguistic expression. a sentence is a special kind of phrasal expression
subject
an expression typically a noun phrase the occurs to the left of verb phrase in an english sentence
object
a noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in english. a noun phrase complement
syntactic properties
properties of linguistic expression that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expression, namely, word order
word order
the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression. also the set of syntactic properties of expression that dictates how they can ordered with respect to other expression
topicalized
a syntactic process by which in english a syntactic constituent occurs at the beginning of a sentence in order to highlight the topic under discussion
complements
a non subject argument of some expression
adjuncts
a linguistic expression whose occurrence in s sentence is optional also called modifier
morphosyntax
the name of syntax and morphology considered jointly as a single components of grammar
syntactic constituent
a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression, the smaller expression out of which some larger phrasal expressions was constructed in accordance
cleft
a type of sentence that has the general form it is was X the Y. it was sally that I wanted to meet can be used as a constituency test
substitution
in syntax a constituency test that involves replacing a constituent with a single word or simple phrase such as a pro form. in language processing a production error in which one unit is replaced
pro-forms
a word ( pronoun) that can replace a syntactic constituent
syntactic categories
a group of expression that have very similar syntactic properties. all expression that belong to the name syntactic category have more or less the syntactic distribution
sentence
a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expression that can grammatically occur in ally think that….
noun phrase
the name of syntactic category that consits of proper names pronouns and all other expressions with the same syntactic disstribution
determiners
the name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expression such the a this all etc.. syntactically consists of those expression that when combined with an expression category noun to their right result sin an expression of category noun
count nouns
in simple terms a noun the can be counted and pluralized
mass nouns
in simple terms a noun that cannot be counted and cannot (normally) be pluralized
adjectives
the name of a lexical category and syntactic category. morphologically consists of to which the comparative suffix or the suffix -ness can be added. syntactically the category consists of these expressions that can noun adjuncts or occur in between a determiner and a noun
transitive verbs
the name of a syntactic category that consist of those expression that if combined with an expression category nun that needs a noun phrase complements
ditransitive verbs
the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expression that if combined with tow expression of category noun phrase to their right results in a verb phrase. avery that needs two noun phrase complements
sentertial complements verbs
the name of a syntatic category that consists of those expression that if combined with a sentence to their right results in a verb phrase, a verb that needs a sentence as its complements
adverbs
the name of a lexical category and syntactic category the consists of expression such as quickly, furiously
prepositional phrase
the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expression that contain a preposition and a noun phrase can be verb phrase adjuncts or noun adjunts
homophony
the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expression happen to having the same form sounds the same
lexical ambiguity
the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expression that differ in meaning or syntactic properties
syntactic distribution
refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. if two expression are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we say nah they hack the same syntactic distribution and therefore belong t the same syntactic category
ambiguity
the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. the form the is shared by more than one expression is said t be ambiguous
nouns
the name of lexical category and a syntactic category. morphologically consists of words to which the plural suffix or the suffix like can be added. syntactically consists of expression that can combine with determiners to their left the resulting expression being of category noun phrase
phrase structure
a recipe for syntactically combining expression of certain syntactically combining expression of certain syntactic categories. along with the lexicon, phrase structure rules are a part of a descriptive grammar of some language.
lexicon
a mental repository of linguist information about words and other lexical expression, including their from and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties. as a part of a descriptive not mental grammar the lexicon is the representation of the mental lexicon consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expression
