Psycholinguistics

Question 1

neurolinguistic

Answer 1

the study of the neural and electrochemical bases of language development and use

Question 2

psycholinguistic

Answer 2

the study of how the human mind processes language in the perception, production, storage, and acquisition of language

Question 3

right hemisphere

Answer 3

the right side of the brain; which is in charge of processing music, perceiving nonlinguistic sounds , and performing task that require visual and spatial skills or pattern recognition; receives and control nerve input from the left half of body

Question 4

left hemisphere

Answer 4

the left side of the brain; the location of many language controlling parts of the brain for most people; receives and controls nerve input form the right half of the body

Question 5

lobes

Answer 5

area of the brain. (temporal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe)

Question 6

temporal lobe

Answer 6

area of the associated with the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli

Question 7

frontal lobe

Answer 7

area of the brain concerned with higher thinking and language production

Question 8

occipital lobe

Answer 8

area of the brain associated with many aspects of vision

Question 9

parietal lobe

Answer 9

area of the brain that is least involved perception and production

Question 10

corpus collosum

Answer 10

bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that is the major connection between the two hemisphere that are required severed in spilt brain patients

Question 11

cortex

Answer 11

outer surface of the brain responsible for many of the brain cognitive abilities or function

Question 12

language center

Answer 12

parts of the cortex of the brain that are used in the production and comprehension of language

Question 13

fissures

Answer 13

depression in the cortex of the brains hemispheres that serves as a physical boundary for the identification of different sections of the brain

Question 14

sylvian fissure

Answer 14

a large horizontal fold located in the middle of each hemisphere of the brain that separated the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe of the brain

Question 15

auditory cortex

Answer 15

language center of the brain located in the superior temporal gyrus next to the sylvian fissure; responsible for receiving and identifying auditory signal and converting them into a form interpretable by other language center of the brain

Question 16

superior temporal gyrus

Answer 16

upper portion of the temporal lobe; the left STG is involved in sound processing and mapping physical sounds to linguistic phones

Question 17

inferior temporal gyrus

Answer 17

lower portion of the temporal lobe; the left ITG is involved in processing word meaning

Question 18

sylvain parietotemporal area

Answer 18

brain region at the juncture of the parietal and temporal lobes; the left SPT is involved in converting phonological representations into motor representations.

Question 19

wernicke’s area

Answer 19

older term for the sylvian parietotemporal area and posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus

Question 20

inferior frontal gyrus

Answer 20

lower portion of the frontal lobe; the left IFG organizes articulatory represention of language and coordinated motor commands for speech

Question 21

broca’s area

Answer 21

lower portion of the frontal lobe; the left IFG organizes articulatory representations of language and coordinates motor commands for speech.

Question 22

motor cortex

Answer 22

posterior portion of the frontal lobe; responsible for signaling voluntary muscle movements

Question 23

visual cortex

Answer 23

area of the brain located in the posterior occipital lobe of each hemisphere; responsible for receiving and interpreting visual stimuli

Question 24

angular gyrus

Answer 24

language center of the brain located between the sylvian parietotemporal area and the posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus and the visual cortex responsible for converting visual stimuli to linguistic stimuli and vice versa

Question 25

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 25

a bundle of nerve fibers in the brain connecting the SPT with the IFG; primarily responsible form sharing of phonetic and phonological information between these centers

Question 26

lateralization

Answer 26

specialization of the brain hemispheres for different cognitive function

Question 27

neural plasticity

Answer 27

the ability to the brain to adapt to damage in one region by reassigning processing function to another region

Question 28

aphasias

Answer 28

acquired inability to perceive, process, of produce language because of physical damage to the brain.

Question 29

developmental dyslexia

Answer 29

a type of learning disability that affects a persons ability to learn to read

Question 30

williams syndrome

Answer 30

a disorder due to deletion of genes on chromosome 7 that substantially impairs cognitive function buy has been argued to leave language processing relatively intact

Question 31

speech production

Answer 31

the processes involved in producing speech and sign

Question 32

parallel

Answer 32

pertain to a model of speech processing in which different stages are all processed simultaneously and influence each other

Question 33

serial

Answer 33

pertains to a model os speech processing in which different stages of the model from a series or succession, each influencing only those that follow

Question 34

blends

Answer 34

in speech production, a production error in which two word ‘fuse’ into a single item. in language change, a new word created by combining the parts of two different words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another

Question 35

mental lexicon

Answer 35

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties. as a part of a descriptive, not mental, grammar, the lexicon, consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expression

Question 36

phonotactic constraints

Answer 36

restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments

Question 37

malapropism

Answer 37

performance error by which a speaker uses a semantically incorrect word in place of a phonetically similar word

Question 38

parameters

Answer 38

in signed languages, aspects of articulation that describe primes

Question 39

activation threshold

Answer 39

the amount of activation needed before a word is recognized in lexical access

Question 40

phonetic reduction

Answer 40

process by which the phonetic detail of is reduced, with some phonemes shortened or dropped entirely; more common when words are repeated or are highly predictable from context