Psycholinguistics Flashcards
neurolinguistic
the study of the neural and electrochemical bases of language development and use
psycholinguistic
the study of how the human mind processes language in the perception, production, storage, and acquisition of language
right hemisphere
the right side of the brain; which is in charge of processing music, perceiving nonlinguistic sounds , and performing task that require visual and spatial skills or pattern recognition; receives and control nerve input from the left half of body
left hemisphere
the left side of the brain; the location of many language controlling parts of the brain for most people; receives and controls nerve input form the right half of the body
lobes
area of the brain. (temporal lobe, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe)
temporal lobe
area of the associated with the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli
frontal lobe
area of the brain concerned with higher thinking and language production
occipital lobe
area of the brain associated with many aspects of vision
parietal lobe
area of the brain that is least involved perception and production
corpus collosum
bundle of nerve fibers in the brain that is the major connection between the two hemisphere that are required severed in spilt brain patients
cortex
outer surface of the brain responsible for many of the brain cognitive abilities or function
language center
parts of the cortex of the brain that are used in the production and comprehension of language
fissures
depression in the cortex of the brains hemispheres that serves as a physical boundary for the identification of different sections of the brain
sylvian fissure
a large horizontal fold located in the middle of each hemisphere of the brain that separated the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe of the brain
auditory cortex
language center of the brain located in the superior temporal gyrus next to the sylvian fissure; responsible for receiving and identifying auditory signal and converting them into a form interpretable by other language center of the brain
superior temporal gyrus
upper portion of the temporal lobe; the left STG is involved in sound processing and mapping physical sounds to linguistic phones
inferior temporal gyrus
lower portion of the temporal lobe; the left ITG is involved in processing word meaning
sylvain parietotemporal area
brain region at the juncture of the parietal and temporal lobes; the left SPT is involved in converting phonological representations into motor representations.
wernicke’s area
older term for the sylvian parietotemporal area and posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus
inferior frontal gyrus
lower portion of the frontal lobe; the left IFG organizes articulatory represention of language and coordinated motor commands for speech
broca’s area
lower portion of the frontal lobe; the left IFG organizes articulatory representations of language and coordinates motor commands for speech.
motor cortex
posterior portion of the frontal lobe; responsible for signaling voluntary muscle movements
visual cortex
area of the brain located in the posterior occipital lobe of each hemisphere; responsible for receiving and interpreting visual stimuli
angular gyrus
language center of the brain located between the sylvian parietotemporal area and the posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus and the visual cortex responsible for converting visual stimuli to linguistic stimuli and vice versa
arcuate fasciculus
a bundle of nerve fibers in the brain connecting the SPT with the IFG; primarily responsible form sharing of phonetic and phonological information between these centers
lateralization
specialization of the brain hemispheres for different cognitive function
neural plasticity
the ability to the brain to adapt to damage in one region by reassigning processing function to another region
aphasias
acquired inability to perceive, process, of produce language because of physical damage to the brain.
developmental dyslexia
a type of learning disability that affects a persons ability to learn to read
williams syndrome
a disorder due to deletion of genes on chromosome 7 that substantially impairs cognitive function buy has been argued to leave language processing relatively intact
speech production
the processes involved in producing speech and sign
parallel
pertain to a model of speech processing in which different stages are all processed simultaneously and influence each other
serial
pertains to a model os speech processing in which different stages of the model from a series or succession, each influencing only those that follow
blends
in speech production, a production error in which two word ‘fuse’ into a single item. in language change, a new word created by combining the parts of two different words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another
mental lexicon
a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties. as a part of a descriptive, not mental, grammar, the lexicon, consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expression
phonotactic constraints
restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments
malapropism
performance error by which a speaker uses a semantically incorrect word in place of a phonetically similar word
parameters
in signed languages, aspects of articulation that describe primes
activation threshold
the amount of activation needed before a word is recognized in lexical access
phonetic reduction
process by which the phonetic detail of is reduced, with some phonemes shortened or dropped entirely; more common when words are repeated or are highly predictable from context
