Phonology

Question 1

phonology

Answer 1

the study of the sounds system of a language how the particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information and how such systems differ from one language to another

Question 2

phonetic inventories

Answer 2

the set of sounds that are produced as part of the grammar of language

Question 3

phonotactic constraint

Answer 3

restriction on possible combination of sounds, often in particular environments

Question 4

sound substitution

Answer 4

a process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word

Question 5

aspiration

Answer 5

a puff air that follows the release of a consonant when there is a delay in the onset voicing

Question 6

nonconstrastive

Answer 6

a term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language

Question 7

allophone

Answer 7

one set of nonconstrastive realization of the same phoneme an actual phonetic segment

Question 8

phoneme

Answer 8

a class speech sounds identified by native speaker as the same sounds a mental entity related to various allophones by phonological rules. phonemes are written between slashes, for example, /t/

Question 9

contrastive distribution

Answer 9

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that their distinguishes between the meaning of the words in which they appear indicating that those wounds are phonemes of the language in question. sounds that are in contrastive distribution are allophones of different phonemes

Question 10

minimal pair

Answer 10

two words that differ only by single sounds in the same position and that have different meaning

Question 11

complementary distrubution

Answer 11

the occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment. sounds that are in complementary distribution are allophones of the same phonemes

Question 12

free variation

Answer 12

terms used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environment but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words

Question 13

overlapping distribution

Answer 13

the occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environment.

Question 14

phonological rules

Answer 14

the description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears

Question 15

underlying form

Answer 15

the phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied

Question 16

conditioning environment

Answer 16

neighboring sounds of given sound that cause it to undergo a change

Question 17

labial

Answer 17

a member of a natural class of sounds produced with the lips, including both bilabial and labiodental sounds

Question 18

obstruent

Answer 18

a natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed

Question 19

sonorants

Answer 19

sounds (usually voiced) produced with a relatively open passage of airflow. nasals, liquids, glides and vowels are all sonorants

Question 20

assimilation

Answer 20

a process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some features

Question 21

nasal place assimilation

Answer 21

an alvolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant

Question 22

insertion

Answer 22

phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic ( or underlying ) form is added in the phonetic form

Question 23

deletion

Answer 23

rules eliminate a sounds that was presented at the phonemic level. such as rules apply more frequently to unstressed syllables and in casual speech.

Question 24

strengthening

Answer 24

make sounds stronger. the rule of english aspiration

Question 25

vowel harmony

Answer 25

a back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front in the same word