syntax Flashcards
phrase types
a phrase is a collection of words have have a grammatical relationship with each other. includes:
- noun phrase
- verb phrase
- adjective phrase
- adverb phrase
- prepositional phrase
noun phrase
contains a noun and other related words that describe the noun.
verb phrase
contains a main verb and any related words.
adjective phrase
group of words functioning as an adjective in a sentence.
adverb phrase
consists of an adverb or words acting as adverbs.
prepositional phrase
consists of a preposition and the object of the preposition.
clauses
consist of a subject and a verb. clauses may be main/independent (stand alone) or subordinate/dependent (cannot stand alone). functions in a clause include:
- subject
- object
- predicate
- complement
- adverbial
subject
noun or noun phrase that takes the action indicated by the predicator.
object
the noun or noun phrase that has not taken the action indicated by the predicator.
predicate
the verb is referred to as the predicator and all of it’s modifiers referred to as the rest of the predicate.
complement
phrase/clause that provides extra information about an element. often complements come in the form of an adjective phrase.
adverbial
single words, phrases or clauses that provide extra information about an element in relation to time, place or manner.
sentence structures
group of words that contain at least one main clause. includes:
- sentence fragment
- simple sentence
- compound sentence
- complex sentence
- compound-complex sentence
sentence fragment
act as a sentence even though they aren’t a complete main clause. (potato cakes 3 for $1)
simple sentence
contain a single main clause. (i bought three potato cakes)