syntax Flashcards

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1
Q

phrase types

A

a phrase is a collection of words have have a grammatical relationship with each other. includes:
- noun phrase
- verb phrase
- adjective phrase
- adverb phrase
- prepositional phrase

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2
Q

noun phrase

A

contains a noun and other related words that describe the noun.

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3
Q

verb phrase

A

contains a main verb and any related words.

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4
Q

adjective phrase

A

group of words functioning as an adjective in a sentence.

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5
Q

adverb phrase

A

consists of an adverb or words acting as adverbs.

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6
Q

prepositional phrase

A

consists of a preposition and the object of the preposition.

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7
Q

clauses

A

consist of a subject and a verb. clauses may be main/independent (stand alone) or subordinate/dependent (cannot stand alone). functions in a clause include:
- subject
- object
- predicate
- complement
- adverbial

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8
Q

subject

A

noun or noun phrase that takes the action indicated by the predicator.

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9
Q

object

A

the noun or noun phrase that has not taken the action indicated by the predicator.

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10
Q

predicate

A

the verb is referred to as the predicator and all of it’s modifiers referred to as the rest of the predicate.

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11
Q

complement

A

phrase/clause that provides extra information about an element. often complements come in the form of an adjective phrase.

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12
Q

adverbial

A

single words, phrases or clauses that provide extra information about an element in relation to time, place or manner.

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13
Q

sentence structures

A

group of words that contain at least one main clause. includes:
- sentence fragment
- simple sentence
- compound sentence
- complex sentence
- compound-complex sentence

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14
Q

sentence fragment

A

act as a sentence even though they aren’t a complete main clause. (potato cakes 3 for $1)

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15
Q

simple sentence

A

contain a single main clause. (i bought three potato cakes)

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16
Q

compound sentence

A

contain at least 2 main clauses joined by a coordinate conjunction. (i bought three potato cakes and theo bought a burger)

17
Q

complex sentence

A

contain a single main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. (i bought three potato cakes because i was hungry)

18
Q

compound-complex sentence

A

must have at least three total clauses, with two main and one subordinate. (i bought three potato cakes and theo bought a burger because we were both hungry)

19
Q

sentence types

A

includes:
- declaratives
- imperatives
- interrogatives
- exclamatives

20
Q

declarative

A

sentence that conveys information, observations or statements.

21
Q

imperative

A

sentence that gives a direct order or instruction.

22
Q

interrogative

A

sentence that frame a question to elicit a response.

23
Q

interrogative tag

A

turns a declarative or imperative into an interrogative by inverting the verb of the main clause to its negative form and attaching it to the end of the interrogative.

24
Q

exclamative

A

sentence that makes exclamations, indicating emotion or emphasis.

25
Q

agent + patient

A

the agent is the person/thing that caused the change of state the verb describes.
the patient is the thing that has been change or affected by the agent.

26
Q

active voice

A

the agent is the subject of the sentence.
(the dog bit the boy)

27
Q

passive voice

A

the patient is the subject of the sentence.
(the boy was bitten by the dog)

28
Q

syntactic patterning

A

patterns created through repeated syntactic structures, for efficiency, emphasis, or literary effect. includes:
- listing
- parallelism
- antithesis

29
Q

listing

A

grouping items using ellipses to aid cohesion.

30
Q

parallelism

A

repetition of phrases or clauses. it is effective for reinforcing ideas, forming rhythm and tempo, and increasing predictability.

31
Q
A