lexicology Flashcards
nouns
words that name people, places, things, qualities, or actions. includes:
- common nouns
- proper nouns
- collective nouns
pronouns
short words that can replace nouns in a sentence. includes:
- subject pronouns
- object pronouns
- possessive pronouns
- relative pronouns
- demonstrative pronouns
subject pronouns
i, you, he, she, it, we, they.
object pronouns
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
possessive pronouns
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
relative pronouns
that, who, whoever, which
demonstrative pronouns
this, that, these, those.
verbs
denote actions, processes and states. includes auxiliary verbs.
auxiliary verbs
change some aspect of a main verb. used to create tense, form negatives, questions and passive voice. includes modal verbs.
modal verbs
denote ability, permission, likelihood, obligation. includes:
- can, could
- shall, should
- will, would
- may, might, must
adjectives
define or modify nouns. may refer to qualities, size, judgements, degree of comparison.
adverbs
modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. includes
- time
- frequency
- manner
- place
- degree
prepositions
show the relationship between nouns and other words in a sentence.
conjunctions
connect other words. includes:
- coordinating conjunctions
- subordinating conjunctions
coordinating conjunctions
link words, phrases and clauses together. includes FANBOYS:
- for
- and
- nor
- but
- or
- yet
- so
subordinating conjunctions
link clauses together. includes:
- causational conjunctions (clause, due to clause)
- conditional conjunctions (clause, unless clause)
- comparative conjunctions (clause against clause)
determiners
introduce noun phrases and function as modifiers. includes:
- articles (a, an, the)
- possessive pronouns
- demonstratives
- indefinite determiners
- cardinals (one, two)
- ordinals (first, second)
interjections
words/phrases that express sudden/strong emotions or feelings. includes:
- swearing
- greetings
- signalling words
word formation processes
processes in which lexemes are created or changed in the english language. includes:
- neologisms
- borrowings
- commonisation
- nominalisation
neologism
newly coined word, expression or usage.
borrowing
word incorporated from another language.
commonisation
development of common, everyday words from proper nouns.
nominalisation
development of nouns from verbs.
word loss
process in which lexemes are no longer used in the english language. includes:
- obsolescence
- archaism
obsolescence
language ceases to be actively used in favour of another.
archaism
words are no longer used in everyday life.
