Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE > discourse > Flashcards

discourse Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

paralinguistic features

A

the non-vocal signals beyond the basic speech to convey meaning and emotion. includes:
- vocal effects (whisper, laughter)
- non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expression)
- creakiness, breathiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

code switching

A

switching between different languages or dialects within a conversation. marks group membership and solidarity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

factors that contribute to cohesion

A

cohesion refers to the the means of establishing connections within a text, looking at the more mechanical construction of the text to aid understanding. includes:
- lexical choice
- collocation
- information flow
- anaphoric reference
- cataphoric reference
- deictics
- repetition, subsitution, ellipsis
- conjunctions, adverbials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lexical choice

A

to avoid repetition, writers include different lexical items from the same lexical sets. includes:
- synonymy + antonymy
- hyponymy + hypernymy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

synonymy + antonymy

A

synonymy: lexemes with similar meanings are used to vary the language used in a text to avoid repetition.
antonymy: provides contrasting ideas in ways that are simpler for the brain to process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hyponymy + hypernymy

A

hyponymy: sub-categories
hypernymy: overarching category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

collocation

A

words which often appear together in a text.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

information flow

A

how the information is ordered in a sentence. includes:
- end focus
- front focus
- clefting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

end focus

A

adverbials and dependant clauses are positioned at the end of the sentence. this structure is predictable, reliable and emphasises the end of the sentence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

front focus

A

adverbials and dependant clauses are positioned at the start of the sentence. this structure adds variety to sentences, drawing attention to a particular element.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clefting

A

splitting one clause into two clauses to emphasise an element.
eg. sasha ate the last biscuit.
“it was sasha who ate the last biscuit.” emphasis on subject ‘sasha’
“it was the last biscuit that sasha ate.” emphasis on object ‘the last biscuit’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anaphoric reference

A

using a deictic to refer back to previous information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cataphoric reference

A

word/phrase refers to something that appears later in the text.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

deictics

A

words which have a context-dependant meaning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

repitition, substitution, ellipsis

A

repetition: creates links between sentences and paragraphs
substitution: replacing words with another to avoid repetition
ellipsis: omission of lexemes that can be understood in the context.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

conjunctions and adverbials

A

conjunctions: connect items in a list
clauses: connect clauses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

factors that contribute to coherence

A

coherence refers to the way texts are structured to make the meaning clear. includes:
- cohesion
- inference
- logical ordering
- formatting
- consistency + conventions

18
Q

inference

A

individuals can make sense of language even with omitted details. use information provided to make educated guesses or assumptions.

19
Q

logical ordering

A

ordering of ideas can help a reader to understand the text. may include:
- chronological order
- sequential order
- cause and effect
- problem and solution
- ranking

20
Q

formatting

A

how the text is laid out in a document, as well as the design choices made. may include:
- font size
- line spacing
- paragraphing
- bullet points
- bold, italics

21
Q

consistency and conventions

A

consistency: using a consistent approach to maintain clarity. may include formatting, tense, semantic domain, etc
conventions: features which relate to the text type, to increase predictability and understanding.

22
Q

features of spoken discourse

A
  • openings + closings
  • adjacency pairs
  • minimal responses, backchannels
  • overlapping speech
  • discourse particles
  • non-fluency features
23
Q

openings + closings

A

openings: greetings, interruptions, opening speech
closings: signal wrapping up

24
Q

adjacency pairs

A

sequential turns that have a close relationship with each other. often these are used to:
- open and close conversations
- regulate turn-taking
- exchange information, seek elaboration
- provide feedback/confirmation
- requesting followed by a grant or refusal

25
Q

minimal responses (backchannels)

A

short turns by an interlocuter, allowing the speaker to extend their turn. may include, phrases or paralinguistic features.

26
Q

overlapping speech

A

may signal agreement, desire to take the floor, or passionate emotion.

27
Q

discourse particles

A

conversation fillers, eg. anyway, i mean, like, oh, sort of, well. signals topic shift, openings/closings, minimal response, repairs, emphasis, politeness, hedging, etc.

28
Q

non-fluency features

A

common in spontaneous, everyday spoken language. includes:
- pauses
- filled pauses
- false starts
- repetition
- repairs

29
Q

strategies in spoken discourse

A
  • topic management
  • turn-taking
  • management of repair sequences
  • code-switching
30
Q

topic management

A

methods that participants use to shift, maintain or loop semantic domain. includes:
- minimal responses
- discourse particules
- sentence types

31
Q

turn-taking

A
  • taking the floor (taking a turn in conversation)
  • holding the floor (maintaining your turn)
  • passing the floor (indicates finished turn)
32
Q

management of repair sequences

A

when participants realise there is an error, speakers can manage repair sequences with:
- discourse particles
- interrogatives
- declaratives
- substitution

33
Q

code-switching

A

alternating between two or more languages or dialects within a single conversation.

34
Q

politeness strategies

A
  • attending to positive/negative face
  • threatening positive/negative face
  • positive/negative politeness
35
Q

attending to positive face

A

positive face relates to self-image and our need to be liked, admired, respected and appreciated by others.
attending to positive face may include:
- complimenting
- agreeing
- being humble
- showing support
- using in-group language

36
Q

threatening positive face

A

positive face relates to self-image and our need to be liked, admired, respected and appreciated by others.
threatening positive face may include:
- expressing disapproval, insults, complaints
- disagreements, contradictions

37
Q

attending to negative face

A

negative face relates to autonomy and individualism. attending to negative face may include:
- not telling people what to do
- not asking favours
- avoiding promising things

38
Q

threatening negative face

A

negative face relates to autonomy and individualism. threatening negative face may include:
- requests that hint that the participant should do something
- promises which may incur debt

39
Q

positive politeness

A

attending to the addressee’s positive face

40
Q

negative politeness

A

attending to the addressee’s negative face

VCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions