Syntax

Question 1

grammar

Answer 1

accounts for the actual use of a language not its prescriptivism.

Question 2

Clause

Answer 2

kernel sentence with finite vern ex. she walks, he goes to the store

Question 3

infinitive/small clause

Answer 3

basic verb without finite information ex. To go to the store.

Question 4

Syntax

Answer 4

structure of a sentence, core of a language’s grammar.

Question 5

Grammar

Answer 5

complete system of phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic information and rules that the speaker of a given language possess.

Question 6

structure

Answer 6

organized combination of mutually connected and dependent parts or elements.

Question 7

pronominalization

Answer 7

substitution of a constituent by a pronoun

Question 8

prophase/ proforms

Answer 8

replacing an entire phrase with a pronoun

Question 9

movement

Answer 9

movement of strings of word to other sentential positions.

Question 10

WH pronouns

Answer 10

the pronouns who, whose, which and what can be the subject or object of a verb.

Question 11

coordination test

Answer 11

Only constituents can coordinated by the coordinating conjunction “and”

Question 12

AND

Answer 12

contains a property that of combining only constituents of the same kind. Ex. Black and White

Question 13

DO SO

Answer 13

a non engendered pronominal that can replace the act in which a subject is doing. Ex. People will go to the station. ( People will (do so)

Question 14

Gapping

Answer 14

A construction in which part of a sentence is omitted rather than repeated. Ex. Some ate beans, and others ate rice. ==> Some ate beans, and others rice.

Question 15

Structural Ambiguity

Answer 15

cases in which different interpretation arise through different sentence structures assigned to the same string of words.

Question 16

Head

Answer 16

The most important element in a phrase that defines the type of phrase that it is.

Question 17

Noun phrase NP

Answer 17

a phrase that is headed by a noun. ( A gold ring) - ring

Question 18

Prepositional Phrase PP

Answer 18

A phrase that is headed by a preposition (we drove to the grocery store) (to the grocery store)

Question 19

Verb Phrase

Answer 19

A phrase that is headed by a verb. I will have been studying linguistics for 3 hours (VP) Will have been studying.

Question 20

adverb phrase

Answer 20

A phrase that is headed by an adverb. Jack bought flowers for his mother.

Question 21

animate noun

Answer 21

person animal creature

Question 22

word class

Answer 22

words classified as nouns, adjectives, verbs and prepositions

Question 23

Criteria of word class

Answer 23

semantic, morphological and syntactic

Question 24

phrase structure rules

Answer 24

rules that build syntactic structure

Question 25

sentence

Answer 25

the largest syntactic unit made up of one or more clauses

Question 26

Simple sentence

Answer 26

1 clause

Question 27

complex sentence

Answer 27

contains at least 1 subordinate clause

Question 28

superordinate clause

Answer 28

also known as a matrix clause, a clause that comes first in a complex sentence.

Question 29

adverbial constituents

Answer 29

constituents that give the circumstances of the event denoted by the rest of the sentences i.e.( time, place, manner reason)

Question 30

subject verb agreement

Answer 30

syntactic process which requires subject and verb to share the same person and number feature.

Question 31

case forms

Answer 31

Because there is a distinction between subject and object, depending on the function of a phrase in a sentence the phrase will exhibit a certain form.

Question 32

neuter pronouns

Answer 32

a pronoun that doesn’t have a gender specific identity.

Question 33

transitive verbs

Answer 33

verbs that need an object

Question 34

intransitive verbs

Answer 34

verbs that CANNOT take an object

Question 35

covert objects

Answer 35

objects in a transitive verb sentence that are understood or assumed. (They kissed and departed)

Question 36

passivization

Answer 36

sentences in an active voice can be passivized by making the object of the active sentence the subject of the passive sentence ex She wrote [the novel]object at the end of the 19th century.[The novel]subject was written at the end of the 19th century.

Question 37

Ditransitive Verb

Answer 37

verbs that can take two objects

Question 38

Direct object

Answer 38

In a ditransitive sentence the object that denotes an entity that undergoes the action or process denoted by the verb

Question 39

Indirect object

Answer 39

the object that denotes the goal the recipient or beneficiary of the event denoted by the verb.

Question 40

Adverbial

Answer 40

constituents that provide info about the circumstances of the action denoted by the verb and its subjects and objects. They can be modifiers of the clause or verb phrase, but not obligatory.

Question 41

Complements

Answer 41

Semantically and structurally highly dependent sister constituents of heads [proud [of her achievements]PP]AP