Semantics Flashcards

1
Q

Speaker reference

A

what the speaker is referring to using some linguistics expression speaker & context pragmatics.

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2
Q

Linguistic reference

A

the systematic denotation of some linguistics expression as a part of a language domain of semantics.

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3
Q

referent of expression

A

the entity identified by the use of referring expression such as a noun or noun phrase

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4
Q

Extension

A

refers to the set of all potential referents for a referring expression

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5
Q

prototype

A

a typical member of the extension of a referring expression

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6
Q

Atypical

A

an object of a prototype that would most likely not be used when talking about a prototype.

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7
Q

stereotype

A

a list of characteristics describing prototypes.

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8
Q

coreference

A

two linguistics expressions that refer to the same real-world entity.

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9
Q

Anaphora

A

a linguistics expression that refers to another linguistics expression.

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10
Q

Deixis

A

an expression has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation.

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11
Q

Semantic meaning

A

depends on grammatical structure of sentence

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12
Q

principle of compositonality

A

the semantic meaning of any unit of language is determined by the semantic meaning of its parts along with the way they are put together.

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13
Q

compositional semantics

A

aka Formal semantics concerned with how the principle of compositionality and consequently formal semanticists study the variety of grammatical patterns will occur in individual languages.

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14
Q

denotative meaning

A

the logical meaning which indicates the essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it from other concepts.

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15
Q

Social Meaning

A

meaning that a word possesses by virtue of its use in particular social situations and circumstances

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16
Q

Thematic meaning

A

meaning in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis.

17
Q

signifier

A

according plato a word in a language.

18
Q

signified

A

the object in the world that the signifier stands for or refers to.

19
Q

conceptual theory of meaning

A

words and things are related through the meditation of concepts of the mind.

20
Q

behavioristic theory of meaning

A

description of language not complete without some reference to the context of the situation in which language is operated.

21
Q

Agent

A

in semantic roles the entity that performs the action

22
Q

Theme

A

In semantic roles the entity that is involved in or affected by the action

23
Q

Instrument

A

an agent uses another entity performing an action.

24
Q

synonymy

A

2 or more forms with very closely related meanings often not always intersubstitutable

25
Antonymy
2 forms with opposite meanings
26
Gradable Antonyms
used in cooperative construction
27
Nongradable antonyms
complementary pairs not used in comparative construction. The negative of one member does not necessarily mean the opposite.
28
Hyponymy
the meaning of one form included in the meaning of another
29
cohyponyms
two words that share the same superordinate
30
homophony
two or more forms different in writing same in pronunciation SEA SEE homo same phony phonology sound
31
homography
same writing different pronunciations
32
homonymy
one form has two or more correlated meanings same pronunciation and writing
33
polysemy
one form having multiple meaning which are all related by extension.
34
collocation
words which tend to occur with other words
35
analytic sentence
necessarily true by virtue of words linguistics truths by virtue of language itself
36
contradictory sentences
necessarily false by virtue of words linguistic of falsities
37
synthetic sentences
true or false depending on how the word is. The truths or falsities must be verified. Empirical truth or falsities