Morphology Flashcards
affix
Bound morphemes that must be attached to a word this include prefixes, infixes, suffixes and circumfixes
affixation
adding a morpheme or affix to word to create a new word or different form of a word reliable to (un)reliable
agglutinating language
a language in which words are made up of linear sequence of distinct morphemes and each component of meaning is represented by its own morpheme skydiving
allomorph
Variants of a morpheme such as the ending s that indicates plural as well es, and en dogs dishes and oxen
Alternation
A variation in a form or sound of a word or word part knife~knives leaf~leaves cat and cats, dog and dogs pronounced with a /z/ and fox and foxes /z/
Ambiguity
when a word phrase or sentence has more than one meaning
analytic language
a language that does not use prefixes or suffixes each word is a free, single morpheme with a meaning intact.
Bound morpheme
morphemes that must be attached to a word and cannot stand alone. Derivational morphemes pay (v.) payment(n.) inflectional morphemes ‘s s plural ed past participle est, superlative de in detoxify
bound root
a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.
closed lexical category
categories of morphemes that include conjunctions and or, but and determiners (a, the) and pronouns ( he she they) Close because you cannot add a morpheme to them.
Compounding
the process of combining two words or free morphemes to create a new word butter+Fly foot+ball
conjunction
words that link words, phrases or clauses together these words are words such as but, if, and, or these are closed class morphemes
content morpheme
morphemes express some general sort of referential or informational content, in a way that is as independent as possible of the grammatical system of a particular language content morphemes can have function morphemes added to them such as sad to sad-ly and fast to fast-er
Content word
Content words are usually nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that give information
Derivation
Derivational morphemes change the grammatical category of a word. Such as a verb to a noun pay to payment.
Determiner
a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun.
Form
The structure of words and their respective morphemes.
Function Morpheme
Words that do not have clear meaning but grammatical function. expressing syntactic relationships between units in a sentence, or obligatorily-marked categories such as number or tense closed class by, in, and, his, through
Function Word
(also called functors) are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence,
Fusional Language
A fusional language is a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings
Hierarchical structure
The morphological analysis of word structure
homophony
when a set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings. It is not necessary for homophonic words to be spelled the same way.
Incorporation
the compounding of a word (typically a verb or preposition) with another element (typically a noun, pronoun, or adverb). The compound serves the combined syntactic function of both elements.
infix
a bound morpheme affix that attaches within a root or stem.
inflection
Morphemes that are used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word boy’s boys cleaned cleaning cleans.
lexical category
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are open lexical categories. In contrast, closed lexical categories rarely acquire new members.
input
the processible language that the learners are exposed to while listening or reading
morpheme
a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided (e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming )
morphology
the study of a structure of the words and word fixation
open lexical category
Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are open lexical categories we can add morphemes to these words
partial reduplication
a word formation process that repeats all or part of a word to convey some form of meaning.
polysynthetic language
a language that has a large number of morphemes per word.
output
The language produced, either in speaking or writing from the input.
preposition
A word used to relate to a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence. the The snow on the mountain top. Preposition being on. In, at, to Double preposition into, within, upto Compound preposition behalf, according to, accross
productive
the extent to which a language uses a productive morpheme actively in new combinations
pronoun
a member of a small class of words found in many languages that are used to replace nouns and noun phrase, and that have a general reference. I, you, she, he it who what
reduplication
replication all or part of the stem in order to show inflectional or derivational meanings. Full reduplication requires copying the entire root.
root
a word or word element/ morpheme in which other words can grow. This can happen through the use of an Affix.
simultaneous affix
an affix articulated at the same time as another affix in a word. This can only occur in gestural languages.
stem
a part of a word that is responsible for its lexical meaning.
suffix
an affix/morpheme that is ended to the end of a base/root word.
suppletion
a form of morphological irregularity whereby a change in a grammatical category triggers a change in word with. a different suppletive root. i.e., go not goed but went.
lexicon
A languages inventory or of lexemes or complete set of meaningful units in a language.
reduplicant
the copy , the portion of the output word which consistently depends on the phonological properties of the rest of the word.
Free morpheme
an unbound morpheme that can stand alone without any other morpheme
prefix
morphemes that attach to the front of a root/base word.
