International Phonetic Alphabet Flashcards
Pulmonic Egressive Airstream Mechanism
The mechanism of pushing air out from the lungs through the mouth or nose to produce sound.
Articulators
All parts of the vocal apparatus involved in speech
Active Articulators
All parts of the vocal apparatus that can be moved eg., the tongue, lower jaw, lips
Passive Articulators
All parts of the vocal apparatus that are stationary eg., the upper teeth, hard palate…
Place of Articulation
The point of the closest restriction in the vocal tract that is used as criterion for the description and classification of consonants
Bilabial Sounds
Sounds created using both lips
Labio dentals
Sounds created involving lower lip and upper teeth
Interdental
Sounds created by using the tongue to slightly protrude through the upper and bottom teeth. Mainly used for the [θ]
Palato alveolar
Sound created by the constriction between the alveolar ridge or the hard palate and the tip of the tongue.
Velar sound
Used with [k] the obstruction at the velar or soft palate and back part of the tongue
Onset
The consonant or set of consonants that are located before the nucleus or vowel of word
Nucleus
the vowel that consonants are built around in order to create a syllable CVC CCVCC some times a consonant can act as a nucleus such as in the word nerve /nɹ̩v/ a stroke is placed under the consonant sound.
Coda
The end of the syllable
Dipthong
multiple vowels sounds with in the same nucleus
Utterance
A fluid stream of sound that occurs while some one is speaking or reading a sentence, this is without pauses or stops also can be a chunk of spoken language
Assimilation
phonemes pronounced next to each other that become more alike. [n] and [ŋ] are versions of the sound /n/
Stress Accent
Saying one syllable louder than the surrounding syllables ho-tel the tel wold be pronounced louder hos-tel the hos would be pronounced louder
Prosody
The application of features like intonation or stress at the level of an entire phrase or utterance.
Fricative Sounds
Derived from the word friction a sound caused by a narrow passage made by the place of articulation such as that of the upper dentallabio creating a [f] sound.
Approximates
articulators that approach each other but do not cause a strong constriction on the vocal tract. There is no complete closure, air can pass through without audible friction [l] [ɹ] are both lateral approximate but the tongue placement distinguishes the sound
nasals
sounds created as air moves through the nasal passage [m] [n] [ŋ]
Voiced sounds
Sounds that cause vibration of the vocal cords as air released through the glottis
Voiceless sounds
Sounds that do not cause vibration as air is released through the glottis
ʌ
the u in Cup or luck
æ
the a in cat or hat
ə
the way the A in Away and the E in cinema make a short u sound
ɜ:ʳ
the ur un turn or burn
ʊəʳ
the ur in pure or our in tourist
ɪəʳ
the ear in near or er in here
eəʳ
the er in where or air in Air
ɔɪ
the oy in boy or oi in join
oʊ
the o in home or o in go
eɪ
the ay in day or eigh in eight
aʊ
the ou in out or ow in now
aɪ
the i five or y in eye or eigh on height
u:
the u in blue or oo in food
ʊ
the u in put or oo in cook
ɒ
the o in rock or hot
i:
the ea in seat or ee in see
ɪ
the i in sit or sitting
