Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine > Syndromes > Flashcards

Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What are polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

A

group idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dermatomyositis can be associated with?

A

malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does polymyositis and dermatomyositis impact men or women more?

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Patho of dermatomyositis?

A

humoral attack to muscle capillaries and small arterioles; activation of C3 forms C3bNEO and MAC; B cells and Cd4 cells activated; destroys capillaries; causes microinfarction in the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Patho of polymositis

A

T-cell mediated cytotoxic process against muscle antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genetic component of polymyositis and dermatomyositis?

A

HLA types– DR3, DR5, DR7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Immunologic etiology of polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

abnormal t-cell activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infectious etiology of polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

viruses (coxsackievirus, parvovirus, HIV), toxoplasma species, borrelia species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Drug etiology of polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

statins, interferon, quinidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CM of polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

skin is the initial manifestation in dermatomyositis only; proximal muscle weakness (pelvic girdle, upper body weakness, neck extensor muscles); difficulty climbing stairs/walking/standing up from seated position/combing hair/lifting things; possible muscle tenderness to palpation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systemic manifestations of polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

arthralgias and arthritis (knees, wrist, hands), fatigue, weight loss, fever, Raynaud’s, dysphagia, reflux esophagitis, constipation, exertional dypsnea, interstitial lung disease, rhythm disturbances, conduction defects, CHF, pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PE of dermatomyositis

A

possible photo-sensitivity over face, chest, hands; Gottron’s papules; rash in V neck distribution; calcinosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calcinosis is seen in?

A

Dermatomyositis and Scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s Gottron’s papules?

A

raised, scaly palpable lesions on extensor surfaces; MCP, PIP, elbows, upper eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Labs for dermatomyositis/polymyositis

A

CBC (possible leukocytosis or thrombocytosis), ESR (elevated), creatine kinase (elevated), AST/LDH (may be abnormal), autoantibody studies: ANA (positive), anti-jo-1 (polymyositis), anti-Mi2 and anti-MDA5–dermatomyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which autoantibody study is specific to polymyositis?

A

anti-jo-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which autoantibody study is specific to dermatomyositis?

A

anti-Mi2 and anti-MDA5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Imaging for dermatomyositis/polymyositis

A

MRI to evaluate for amount of muscle involvement; EMG (abnormal; not done as frequently as MRI); muscle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s necessary for definitive dermatomyositis/polymyositis diagnosis?

A

muscle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are important non-diagnostic testing for dermatomyositis?

A

colonoscopy, pap smear, mammogram, CA-125, CA 19-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnostic criteria of dermatomyositis

A

[Gottron’s papules or muscle biopsy finding of perifasicular atrophy] OR all of the following are present: suggestive skin involvement, proximal weakness (subacute/chronic), muscle biopsy or skin biopsy (perimysial or perivascular inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diagnostic criteria of polymyositis?

A

all of the following: subacute/chronic proximal weakness, elevated serum creatine kinase, muscle biopsy (endomysial inflammation), response to immunotherapy or exclusion of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment of dermatomyositis/polymyositis?

A

high protein diet, daily exercise, avoid UV exposure/use sunscreen, corticosteroids (topical), hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What’s the first line treatment (Drug) for dermatomyositis/polymositis?

A

corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dosage of prednisone for dermatomyositis/polymositis?

A

prednisone 1 mg/kg/day x 4-8 weeks (occasionally up to 3 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When do you discontinue corticosteroid treatment for dermatomyositis/polymyositis?

A

when CK level is in normal range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Methotrexate dosage for dermatomyositis/polymyositis

A

7.5 mg po weekly increase by 2.5 mg to 20 mg po weekly as needed (take with folic acid 1 mg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is fibromyalgia?

A

chronic widespread pain and tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What’s the patho of fibromyalgia?

A

abnormal central sensory processing within the CNS; amplification of peripheral sensory stimuli; descending inhibitory control deficit in midbrain; persistent neuronal hyperexcitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Etiology of fibromylagia

A

unknown maybe hormones, sleep disorders, depression, viral infections, rare complication of hypothyroidism, RA, or sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Does fibromylalgia impact men or women more often?

32
Q

Age range for women with fibromyalgia?

A

20-50; increases with age

33
Q

S/S of fibromyalgia

A

widespread pain and stiffness (neck, shoulders, low back, hips), fatigue, disordered sleep (non-restorative sleep, restless leg syndrome), cognitive dysfunction, depression, chronic HA, IBS, TMJ pain, chronic pelvic pain, overactive bladder syndrome

34
Q

Labs for fibromyalgia

A

CBC with diff, BMP, thyroid stimulating hormone, ESR, CRP, ANA, RF, CPK

35
Q

Treatment for fibromyalgia

A

education, counseling/behavior modification, pain, treat causes of fatigue/sleep difficulties, eliminate stressors, deconditioning (PT/OT), maybe treat endocrine dysfunction

36
Q

Medication treatments for fibromyalgia

A

analgesics (acetaminophen, tramadol); muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine); anti-anxiety; antidepressants; anticonvulsants

37
Q

Tramadol dosage for fibromyalgia

A

50 mg 1 6-8 hours PRN (short term)

38
Q

Cyclobenzaprine dosage for fibromylagia

A

5 mg po q8 hours PRN

39
Q

ex of anti-anxiety meds for fibromyalgia

A

alprazolam, buspiron, clonazepam, zolpidem, zaleplon

40
Q

ex of antidepressants for fibromyalgia

A

amitriptyline, duloxetine, venlafaxine

41
Q

Anticonvulsant ex for treatment of fibromyalgia

A

gabapentin, pregabalin

42
Q

What’s CFS?

A

myalgic encephalomyelitis

43
Q

Cause of CFS?

A

viral association? EBV, coxsackievirus B

44
Q

Are men or women more commonly impacted by CFS?

45
Q

CM of CFS

A

sudden onset abrupt, debilitating fatigue (impacts ADL, relationships, work funcitons); possible flu-like prodrome; generalized MSK pain, cognitive dysfunction, IBS, nonrestorative sleep

46
Q

How long does the fatigue have to be to be diagnosed with CFS?

A

persistent chronic fatigue >6 months or intermittent, unexplained chronic fatigue (relapses and definite start) and not the result of exertion and is not relieved by rest

47
Q

Outside of fatigue, what other criteria can be met for CFS (4/8)

A

recently impaired memory/concentration, pain on swallowing, painful axillary/cervical lymph nodes, muscle pains, joint pain without swelling, HA, sleep that does not improve after rest, post-exertional discomfort lasting >24 hours

48
Q

What disorders cause fatigue?

A

heart disease, thyroid disease, chronic anemia, liver and renal disease, psychiatric illness, fibromyalgia

49
Q

Work up for CFS?

50
Q

Treatment of CFS?

A

supportive and symptomatic

51
Q

What is complex regional pain syndrome?

A

affects the extremities (pain, swelling, and vasomotor dysfunction) following trauma/surgery/soft tissue disorder/immobilization

52
Q

Who does complex regional pain syndrome impact more?

53
Q

Age of average complex regional pain syndrome?

A

30-60 with mean age at 40

54
Q

CM of complex regional pain syndrome

A

pain out of proportion, edema (disproportionate), redness/cyanosis/pale, stiffness/decreased ROM, muscle weakness/tremors, excessive sweating/dryness/shiny/wrinkled/temp changes, flexion contractures, frozen shoulder, joint fibrosis

55
Q

How many extremities does CRPS impact?

A

usually only one

56
Q

what are the three clinical stages of CRPS?

A

acute, subacute, chronic

57
Q

duration of acute CRPS

58
Q

describe acute CRPS

A

burning pain, swelling, redness, hyperhidrosis, coolness to touch, functional limitations, bone demineralization

59
Q

duration of subacute CRPS

60
Q

describe subacute CRPS

A

severe pain, fixed edema, pallor and cyanosis, dry skin, loss of function (joint fibrosis)

61
Q

Duration of chronic CRPS

A

1 year after onset

62
Q

describe chronic CRPS

A

variable pain, decreased edema, dry/pale/cool/shiny skin, osteoporosis, loss of function (fibrosis)

63
Q

how long does CRPS last?

A

chronic can last for years or be permanent

64
Q

labs for CRPS

A

nothing specific

65
Q

imaging for CRPS

A

pain films (bone demineralization), triple phase bone scan (increased uptake in articular and periarticular structures)

66
Q

treatment of CRPS

A

patient education, meds (NSAIDs/corticosteroids), sympathetic nerve block, PT/OT, surgical last resort

67
Q

surgical treatment of CRPS

A

upper thoracic/lumbar symphathectomy, chemical sympathectomy, spinal cord stimulator implantation

68
Q

Genetic dominance of Marfan

69
Q

S/S of Marfan

A

lens displacement, risk of retinal detachment, increased limb and finger length/sternal deformity, ligamentous laxity, arched palate, crowded dentition, malocclusion, MVP, aortic root dilation, spontaneous pneumothorax, sleep apnea, striae atrophy, cystic organs

70
Q

What’s Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?

A

heterogenous disorder of connective tissue; affects structure, production, or processing of collagen

71
Q

Hallmarks of Ehlers-Danlos

A

tissue fragility, joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility

72
Q

Ehlers-Danlos s/s

A

joint hypermobility, skin atrophy/velvety skin, medium and large vessel rupture, easily bruises, organ rupture (uterus, large bowel, pneumothorax), premature rupture of fetal membranes

73
Q

treatment of ehlers-danlos syndrome

A

manifestations of the syndrome, care with suturing, prophylactic beta blocker to protect vessels maybe

74
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

hereditary osteopenia due to defects in bony protein matrix

75
Q

s/s of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

recurrent fractures with deformity, impaired mobility, short stature, restrictive lung disease (vertebral column deformity/rib fractures), compression of brain stem, abnormal teeth, BLUE SCLERA

76
Q

Tx of OI

A

Risedronate to increase bone mineral density

Clinical Medicine (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions