Syncope

Question 1

WhT are the 3 mains types of orthostatic intolerance leading to syncope

Answer 1

1. Reflex syncope: affects 30% of the population, strong family history, youth onset. Hypotension response to multiple precipitate including coughing, micturition, fright, standing, heat and defecation (straining). Although consciousness quickly returns, malaise may persist for 12-24 hours
2. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: Adolescent onset and familial history.
3. Autonomic failure: age related and can be primary (eg multiple system atrophy) or secondary eg diabetes, amyloid). Precipitants include orthostasis, meals and alcohol. Recovery from syncope is rapid