Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
What are examination findings in MS?
Depend on the site of the lesion but may include optic atrophy, weakness, hypereeflexia, extensor plantar responses, nystagmus (cerebellar or ataxic)’ ataxia, incoordination and regional impairment of sensation
How is MS diagnosed?
Clinical plus MRI lesions separated in space and time
LP performed only if necessary but 90% show oligoclonal IgG
How is MS treated?
Mild symptoms: rest
More severe: IV methyl pred for 5/7
Drugs to prevent relapse including methotrexate, interferon beta, azathioprine
Also: symptom relief eg physio and baclofen for spasticity
What are the clinical features of MS?
More common in females
Peak age of onset in 4th decade
Transient motor and sensory disturbances
UMN signs
Symptoms develop over several days but can be sudden
Monosymptomatic initially in 80%
Multiple symptoms in about 20%
Common initial symptoms include
- visual disturbances of optic nerve
- diplopia (brain stem lesion)
- leg weakness
- sensory impairment in lower limbs and trunk
- vertigo (brain stem lesion)
Subsequent remissions and exacerbations that vary from one person to another
In established disease common symptoms are fatigue, impotence and bladder disturbance