synaptic physiology of the ANS

Question 1

Rather than possessing synaptic terminals that are typical of somatic motor axons, many postganglionic autonomic neurons have bulbous expansions, or …, that are distributed along their axons within their target organ

Answer 1

varicosities

Question 2

at each varicosity, autonomic axons form an .. …. synapse with their end-organ target

Answer 2

en passant

Question 3

In both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, synaptic transmission between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons is mediated by ….. acting on …. receptors

Answer 3

acetylcholine, nicotinic

Question 4

N1 receptors at the neuromuscular junction are stimulated by …. and preferentially blocked by ….

Answer 4

decamethonium, d-tubocurarine

Question 5

N2 receptors are stimulated by ….. but resistant to ….

Answer 5

tetramethylammonium, d-tubocurarine

Question 6

when activated, N1 and N2 receptors are both permeable to … and …

Answer 6

Na+, K+

Question 7

nicotinic transmission triggered by stimulation of preganglionic neurons leads to ….. …. of postganglionic neurons

Answer 7

rapid depolarization

Question 8

tissue-specific distribution of α1 receptors

Answer 8

blood vessels

Question 9

tissue-specific distribution of α2

Answer 9

presynaptic terminals

Question 10

tissue-specific distribution of β1

Answer 10

heart

Question 11

tissue-specific distribution of β2

Answer 11

bronchial muscle of the lungs

Question 12

tissue-specific distribution of β3

Answer 12

fat cells

Question 13

in general, the α receptors have a greater affinity for epinephrine/norephinephrine, whereas the β receptors have a greater affinity for epinephrine/norepinephrine

Answer 13

norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 14

abbreviation EPSP

Answer 14

excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 15

IPSP

Answer 15

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Question 16

what’s GPCRs the abbreviation for

Answer 16

G protein-coupled receptors

Question 17

muscarinic receptors stimulate the hydrolysis of ….. and thus increase the concentration of …. and activate protein …. ..

Answer 17

phosphoinositide, Ca2+, kinase C

Question 18

muscarinic receptors inhibit …. …. and thus decrease …. levels

Answer 18

adenylyl cyclase, cAMP

Question 19

muscarinic receptors directly moduclate … channels through the G-protein … complex

Answer 19

K+, βγ

Question 20

the … …. … is different in M1, M3, M5 on the one hand and M2, M4 on the other

Answer 20

third cytoplasmic loop

Question 21

what’s NANC the abbreviation for

Answer 21

nonadrenergic, noncholinergic transmitters