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physiology > autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

3 divisions of ANS

A
  • sympathic
  • parasympathic
  • enteric
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2
Q

2 pathways along which output from the CNS travels

A
  • somatic motor neurons (innervate striated skeletel muscle)
  • autonomic motor neurons (innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, secretory
    epithelia and glands)
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3
Q

which division of the ANS will have an increased output when dealing with stress, anxiety, physical activity, fear of excitement

A

the sympathetic division

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4
Q

wich division of the ANS will have an increased output when doing a sendentary activity, eating of with other ‘vegetative’ behaviour

A

the parasympathetic division

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5
Q

where do the preganglionic neurons lay

A

in columns of cells in the brainstem and the spinal cord

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6
Q

what do the preganglionic neurons make synapses with

A

postganglionic neurons in peripheral ganglia

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7
Q

the enteric division of the ANS is a collection of what

A

afferent neurons, interneurons and motor neurons

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8
Q

what do the collection of neurons from the enteric division form

A

networks of neurons called plexuses

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9
Q

what do plexuses surround

A

the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

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10
Q

what is the enteric division normally controlled by

A

the CNS through sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

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11
Q

what spinal segments do sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate from

A

T1 to L3

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12
Q

where do the autonomic neurons between levels T1 and L3 lie

A

in the intermediolateral cell column

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13
Q

3 groups of nuclei from which preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that are distributed with CN III, CN VII, and CN IX originate

A
  • Edinger-Wetsphal nucleus
  • superior salivatory nucleus
  • inferior salivatory nucleus
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14
Q

parasympathetic neurons in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus travel in the ….. nerve (CN …) and synapse onto postganglionic neurons in the ….. ganglion

A

oculomotor nerve (CN III), ciliary ganglion

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15
Q

what is the Edinger-Westphal nucleus a subnucleus of

A

the oculomotor complex in the midbrain

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16
Q

to which two smooth muscles of the ete do the postganglionic fibers of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus project to

A
  • the constrictor muscle of the pupil

- the ciliary muscle (which controls shape of the lens)

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17
Q

which two ganglia are at the end of branches of the facial nerve that are targets for the superior salivatory nucleus

A
  • pterygopalatine ganglion

- submandibular ganglion

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18
Q

which two salivary glands do the postganglionic fibers of the submandibular ganglion supply

A
  • submandibular

- sublingual

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19
Q

what do the postganglionic fibers of the pterygopalatine ganglion supply

A

lacrimal glands

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20
Q

where is the superior salivatory nucleus situated

A

in the rostral medulla

21
Q

what nerve is related to the superior salivatory nucleus

A

the facial nerve (CN VII)

22
Q

which third salivary gland do the postganglionic fibers of the otic ganglion supply

A

the parotid gland

23
Q

which nerve is associated with the inferior salivatory nucleus

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

24
Q

what does the inferior salivatory nucleus work together with

A

the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus

25
Q

through which nerve does moest parasympathetic output occur

A

the vagus nerve (CN X)

26
Q

where are cell bodies of vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons found

A

in the medulla within the nucleus ambiguus and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

27
Q

the vagus nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to all viscera of which two regions

A

thorax and abdomen

28
Q

what does electrical stimulation of the nucleus ambiguus result in

A
  • contraction of striated muscle in the pharynx, larynx and upper esophagus due to
    activation of somatic motor neurons
  • slowing of the heart due to activation of vagal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
29
Q

what’s an effect of stimulation of the sorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

A

initiation of secretion of gastric acis, insulin and glucagon

30
Q

which plexuses do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve join

A
  • esophageal
  • pulmonary
  • cardiac
31
Q

do the axons of sacral nerves leave through ventral roots or dorsal roots

A

ventral roots

32
Q

with which nerves do the axons of sacral nerves travel

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

33
Q

where are the terminal ganglia of the sacral nerves situated

A
  • in the descending colon and rectum
  • the bladder
  • reproductive organs
34
Q

many visceral nociceptive fibers travel in the sympathetic/ parasympathetic nerves

A

most axons from physiological receptors travel with sympathetic/ parasympathetic fibers

35
Q

where are the cell bodies of visceral afferent fibers located

A

within the dorsal root ganglia or cranial nerve ganglia

36
Q

where can the largest concentration of visceral afferent axons be found

A

in the vagus nerve

37
Q

in which ganglion are cell bodies of the vagal afferents located

A

in the nodose ganglion

38
Q

what do the vagal afferents carry information about

A

the distention of hollow organs, blood gasses and body chemistry

39
Q

where do vagal affernts carry information to

A

the medulla

40
Q

what’s the consequence of the fact that viscerotopic mapping is present in the brainstem but not at the level of the cerebral cortex

A

there is ‘referred’ pain

41
Q

what’s ENS the abbreviation for

A

enteric nervous system

42
Q

the ENS is a collection of …….. that surround the … tract, including the ….. and ….. system

A

nerve plexuses, GI, pancreas, biliary

43
Q

where does the myenteric or Auerbach’s plexus lie

A

between the outer longitudinal and the inner circular layers of smooth muscle

44
Q

where does the submucosal or Meissner’s plexus lie

A

between the inner circular and most internal layer of smooth muscle

45
Q

synonym for the most internal layer of smooth muscle

A

muscularis mucosae

46
Q

what is the myenteric plexus involved in in the intestinal wall

A

control of motility

47
Q

hat is the submucosal plexus involved in in the intestinal wall

A

control of ion and fluid transport

48
Q

from what nerve do both myenteric and submucosal plexuses receive preganglionic parasympathetic innervation from

A

vagus nerve (or sacral nerve sin the case of the distal portion of colon and rection)

physiology (4 decks)

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