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PNS > Sympathetics > Flashcards

Sympathetics Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac branches (direct visceral structures-thoracic) extend to the heart from T2-T4 and have 3 affects?

A

Increase heart rate
Dilate coronary arteries
Afferent

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2
Q

The parasympathetics of the pulmonary plexus arrive there via the _____ and _______ ________ branches of the ______ nerve

A

Anterior and posterior bronchial branches of the vagus nerve

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3
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve forms the cavernous plexus which has fibers that travel through the _____ _____ to reach the _______ and supply the ____ and _____ ____ muscles as well as some tarsus muscles of the upper eyelid

A

Ciliary ganglion
Eyeball
Ciliaris and dilator pupillae

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4
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve forms the cavernous plexus which has branches to the ______ division of the _____ nerve to supply arrector pilli, sweat glands, and blood vessels in the field of distribution.

A

Opthalamic division of the trigeminal nerve

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5
Q

What forms the lesser splanchnic nerve?

A

Fibers from 9th/10th or 10th/11th ganglia

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6
Q

T5-T12 give rise to axons that supply what?

A

Abdominal viscera

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7
Q

Branches from the sacral sympathetic trunk that accompany nerves

A

Gray ramus communicans ( each sacral and coccygeal nerve)

-supply arrector pilli, sweat glands, blood vessels

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8
Q

What does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with?

A

Anterior primary rami of C7 and C8 (T1 if stellate) via gray rami communicans

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9
Q

Where are branches from the inferior cervical ganglion sent?

A

Subclavian artery and form plexuses around it and its branches (axillary/vertebral)

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10
Q

Sympathetic trunk carries _____ and _____ fibers

A

Ascending and descending

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11
Q

Sympathetic trunk extends from _____ _____ _____ inferior to the ganglion impar

A

Superior cervical ganglion

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12
Q

The efferent response to the stretch reflex sends signals to detrusor muscle or rectal musculature and causes what?

A

Relaxation of external sphincter muscles

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13
Q

What type of fibers does the greater splanchnic nerve supply the thoracic aortic plexus with?

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

What does the cardiac plexus supply?

A

Myocardium
Great vessels at base of heart
Coronary arteries

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15
Q

All nerves carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers that have what 3 fields of distribution?

A

Vasoconstriction
Sudomotor
Motor to arrector pilli

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16
Q

What fibers are sensitive to and initiate the stretch reflex during defecation and micturation?

A

Visceral afferent sensitive to stretching of walls of bladder and rectum

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17
Q

What does the thoracic aortic plexus consist of?

A

Vagus N (sensory and visceral afferent)
greater splanchnic N (sympathetic)
T1-T5 sympathetic ganglia (vascular)

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18
Q

The cervical sympathetic trunk lies between the ____ ____ and what two muscles?

A

Carotid sheath

Longs collision and capitis muscles

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19
Q

Postganglionic branches from the superior cervical ganglia are distributed in what branches?

A

Anterior, medial or lateral

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20
Q

What two plexuses does the superior hypogastric plexus include?

A

Abdominal aortic and inferior mesenteric

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21
Q

Vascular branches of the lumbar sympathetic trunk that accompany blood vessels are given off and follow _____ _____ back to the abdominal aorta and then follow it down as low as the ____ ____ ____ and the _____ _____ _____

A

Lumbar arteries

Medial sacral artery and common iliac arteries

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22
Q

Where does the lumbar sympathetic trunk lie?

A

Retroperitoneal space on the lateral aspect of lumbar vertebrae

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23
Q

What plexus is located between L4-S1

A

Superior hypogastric

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24
Q

There are usually _____ ganglia in each trunk. ____ cervical, _____ thoracic, ______ lumbar, and ____ sacral ganglia

A 
21 or 22
3 cervical
11 thoracic
4 lumbar
4 sacral
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25
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerves contain fibers from T9/T10 T10/T11 and reach some of the same abdominal structures as the greater splanchnic but also supply what?

A

Suprarenal glands

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26
Q

How many splanchnic nerves are associated with the what segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk?

A

3

Lower 7 segments

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27
Q

Branches from the lumbar sympathetic trunks that travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

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28
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve forms the cavernous plexus has branches to the ______ nerves to reach blood vessels associated with?

A

Oculomotor

Muscles supplied by the nerve

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29
Q

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve terminate?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

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30
Q

Branches from the lumbar sympathetic trunk that accompany nerves

A

Grey ramus communicans

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31
Q

What type of fibers are carried in the splanchnic nerves associated with the lower 7 thoracic segments?

A

Preganglionic and visceral afferent

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32
Q

The lateral internal carotid artery forms what plexus?

A

Internal carotid plexus

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33
Q

Branches from the thoracic sympathetic trunk that accompany nerves?

A

Gray ramus communicans (each nerve)

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34
Q

What is the main contribution to the esophageal plexus? Where do they synapse?

A

From vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve that synapse on postganglionic cells in wall of esophagus

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35
Q

Clinical implication of lateral internal carotid nerve forming the internal carotid plexus.
Communication with the trigeminal ganglion allows postganglionic sympathetic fibers to reach where?

A

Any structure within the field of distribution of the trigeminal nerve

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36
Q

What it’s he second largest prevertebral plexus?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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37
Q

Where is the superior hypogastric plexus located?

A

Between L4-S1

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38
Q

What type of information does the white ramus communicans carry to the sympathetic trunk from lumbar nerves 1 & 2, sometimes 3?

A

Preganglionic

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39
Q

If there are ____ ganglia in the sympathetic trunk it is because the lower _____ and upper _____ fused to form a ________ ganglion

A

21
Cervical and thoracic
Stellate

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40
Q

2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic axons to where?

A

The plexus surrounding the abdominal aorta

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41
Q

What are the names of the four thoracic plexuses?

A

Esophageal
Thoracic Aortic
Pulmonary
Cardiac

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42
Q

T1/T2 fibers carry information that is relayed to where?

A

Head and neck

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43
Q

What’s the smallest cervical ganglion and where is it located?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

C6

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44
Q

Sympathetic fibers from ___ - ____ ganglia supply the pulmonary plexus and supply what 3 things?

A

T2-T4

Pleura, bronchial glands and musculature

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45
Q

Can you name the 12 secondary plexuses associated with the celiac plexus?

A 
Phrenic plexus
Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic
Superior mesenteric
Suprarenal 
Renal
Gonadal
Abdominal aorta
Interior mesenteric
Superior hypogastric
Inferior hypogastric
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46
Q

Branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk that accompany blood vessels

A

Internal carotid nerve (lateral/medial internal carotid N)
Branches accompanying the inferior thyroid artery
Subclavian A. To reach upper extremities via axillary/brachial A.

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47
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve forms what?

A

Cavernous plexus

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48
Q

What are the contributions to the esophageal plexus?

A

Vagus N.
Recurrent laryngeal N
Greater splanchnic NS (from T5-T9/10)

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49
Q

What does the middle cervical ganglion communicate with?

A

Anterior primary rami of c5/c6 via gray rami communicans

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50
Q

What are the two branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk that travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Laryngeopharyngeal

Cardiac

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51
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve terminate?

A

Celiac ganglion

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52
Q

What plexus includes the celiac plexus below the internal iliac A?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

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53
Q

The anterior branch of the superior cervical ganglion are what? What do they communicate with?

A

Gray rami communicans

Communicate with anterior primary rami of c1-c4 and CN 9, 10, 12

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54
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic located?

A

Lateral horn of T1-L2 or L3

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55
Q

The medial internal carotid nerve forms the cavernous plexus which has influence on the _____ nerve to supply blood vessels in the superior oblique

A

Trochlear

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56
Q

The least splanchnic nerve fibers reach the ______ through the ______ plexus

A

Kidneys

Renal

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57
Q

What are dedication and micturation intimated by?

A

Parasympathetic input

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58
Q

The abdominal aortic and inferior mesenteric plexus are part of what larger secondary celiac plexus?

A

Superior hypogastric

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59
Q

The sympathetic trunk is ____ _______ columns of ______ ganglia

A

2 paravertebral

Interconnected

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60
Q

The lateral internal carotid nerve forms the internal carotid plexus which many of its branches terminate on blood vessels within the skull. The internal carotid plexus has 4 other clinical implications. What are they?

A
  • communication with trigeminal ganglion
  • abducens nerve
  • postganglionic fibers form deep petrosal nerve + greater pet. N = N. Of pterygoid canal
  • caroticotympanic nerve + tympanic branch of CN9 = tympanic plexus
61
Q

Axons that carry information that influence the lungs arise from ___-____ and synapse where?

A

T2-T4

2nd-4th thoracic ganglia

62
Q

Many times what ganglion fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion? (%)?

A

Inferior cervical ganglion

80%

63
Q

The anterior and posterior bronchial branches of the pulmonary plexus (preganglionic fibers) synapse with postganglionic fibers in the wall of the _____ _____ and result in what?

A

Bronchial vessels

Parasympathetic stimulation results in bronchial constriction and vasodilation (increases glandular secretion)

64
Q

Axons that carry information that will be relayed to the head and neck are carried in the ___ and ____ nerves and synapse where?

A

T1/T2

Superior cervical ganglion

65
Q

Greater splanchnic nerves contain fibers from T5-T9/T10 and supply what two structures? (Direct to visceral structures-thoracic)

A

Esophagus and thoracic aorta above diaphragm

66
Q

Some preganglionic fibers pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried in ____ ______ to synapse in _____ _______ associated with ______ _____

A

Splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral plexuses
Abdominopelvic viscera

67
Q

What is the primary component of the pulmonary plexus?

A

Parasympathetic

68
Q

What plexuses are primarily concerned with supply of visceral structures in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Autonomic

69
Q

What makes up the least splanchnic nerve?

A

Fibers from the 12th ganglion

70
Q

The internal carotid nerve is a branch of the _____ ____ ____, enters the cranial cavity with the _____ _____ artery and splits into the _____ and ____ branches

A

Superior cervical ganglion
Internal cartotid artery
Medial and lateral

71
Q

Do lumbar nerves have a gray ramus communicans?

A

Yes

72
Q

What secondary plexus are the vesicle, prostatic or uterine/vaginal, rectal and cavernous plexuses associated with?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

73
Q

What thoracic plexus has contributions from superior and inferior cardiac N from vagus N, and superior, middle and inferior cardiac N via t2-t4 sympathetic ganglia?

A

Cardiac plexus

74
Q

What four secondary plexuses is the inferior hypogastric plexus (already a secondary plexus to the celiac plexus) associated with?

A

Vescile
Prostatic or uterine/vaginal
Rectal
Cavernous

75
Q

T2-T4 give rise to axons that influence what?

A

Lungs

76
Q

sympathetic trunk rests on the _____ aspect of the _____ ______ in the lower thoracic and lumbar areas

A

Lateral

Vertebral bodies

77
Q

What lumbar nerves have white ramus communicans?

A

1 & 2, sometimes 3

78
Q

where does the inferior cervical ganglion lie?

A

C7 TVP

Neck of 1st rib

79
Q

Generally fibers from t1-t5 ______ while t5-L2 ______?

A

Ascend

Descend

80
Q

The lumbar splanchnic nerves that branch from the lumbar sympathetic trunk and travel directly to visceral structures supply _____ ____ via _____ and _______ _____ and _____ ______ plexuses

A

Pelvic viscera

Superior and inferior hypogastric and inferior mesenteric plexus

81
Q

What thoracic plexus has contributions from Vagus N, recurrent laryngeal N and greater splanchnic N (t5-t9/10)

A

Esophagus

82
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers release?

A

Ach

83
Q

What plexuses does the inferior hypogastric plexus include?

A

Celiac plexus below internal iliac artery

84
Q

Clinical implication of lateral internal carotid nerve forming the internal carotid plexus.
-abducens nerve to supply blood vessels within?

A

Lateral rectus

85
Q

Does the thoracic sympathetic trunk have white ramus communicans?

A

Yes

86
Q

Most sympathetics will synapse on ______ _______ in ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

A

Postganglionic cells

87
Q

Medial branch of superior cervical ganglion travel where and carry what information?

A

Larynx, pharynx, heart (superior cardiac nerves)

Efferent information

88
Q

The sympathetic trunk lie on the ______ aspect of the sacrum eventually joining at the level of the coccyx to form the ____ ______

A

Anterior

Ganglion impar

89
Q

Pulmonary branches (direct to visceral structures-thoracic) are emitted from ___-___ ganglia and travel through the _____ plexus to supply what?

A

T2-T4
Pulmonary plexus
Pleura, smooth muscle, blood vessels of lungs and bronchial glands
Bronchial dilation effect

90
Q

Where does the least splanchnic nerve terminate?

A

Renal plexus

91
Q

What are the contributions to the pulmonary plexus?

A

Parasympathetic from anterior and posterior bronchial branches of vagus
Sympathetic from t2-t4 ganglia

92
Q

What plexus is a dense gangliated plexus that forms networks around the abdominal aorta and its branches down to C. Iliac and medial sacral arteries

A

Celiac plexus

93
Q

What type of fibers does the t1-t5 sympathetic ganglia supply the thoracic aortic plexus with?

A

Vascular

94
Q

What type of fibers does the vagus nerve supply within the thoracic aortic plexus?

A

Sensory and visceral afferent

95
Q

Branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk that accompany nerves

A

A gray ramus communicans (each spinal nerve)

Superior cervical ganglion (branches to CN 9, 10, 12)

96
Q

What branches come off the middle cervical ganglion?

A

Thyroid and cardiac branches

97
Q

Fibers carrying information for the upper extremities are carried in the ___-____ nerves and synapse where?

A

T3-T7

Middle cervical/inferior/stellate

98
Q

What type of fibers are the branches of the upper five thoracic ganglia?

A

Postganglionic fibers

Visceral afferent

99
Q

What 3 parts of the celiac plexus are associated with well defined ganglia?

A

Celiac ganglia- next to celiac A
Superior mesenteric ganglia-“ A
Aorticorenal ganglia- near renal A

100
Q

Sympathetics exit the cord via what?

A

Anterior rootlets

101
Q

Where is the superior cervical ganglia located?

A

C2/c3 between carotid sheath and longus capitis

102
Q

Where do branches from the upper five thoracic ganglia travel and what do they supply?

A

Medially to supply structures on thoracic cavity

103
Q

Fibers from the greater splanchnic nerve are also transmitted to ___, ____ _____ _____ plexus via the celiac plexus to much of the abdominal viscera

A

Gastric, hepatic, superior mesenteric

104
Q

What forms the superior cervical ganglion?

A

Upper four cervical ganglia

105
Q

What is the largest paravertebral plexus?

A

Celiac plexus

106
Q

Axons that influence heart arise from ___- ____ and ascend to synapse where?

A

T1-T4

One of the cervical ganglia

107
Q

What plexus has it’s main contribution come from vagus and recurrent laryngeal that synapse on postganglionic cell in esophagus wall?

A

Esophageal plexus

108
Q

Where do the thoracic ganglia 1-5 send postganglionic fibers to?

A

Thoracic aorta

109
Q

What thoracic plexus has contributions from anterior and posterior bronchial branches of the vagus and t2-t4 sympathetic ganglia?

A

Pulmonary plexus

110
Q

After stretch reflex is initiated an _____ response travels out _____ ________nerves to ______ muscle or _______ musculature

A

Efferent travels out of pelvic splanchnic nerves to detrusor muscle or rectal musculature

111
Q

Clinical implication of lateral internal carotid nerve forming the internal carotid plexus.
-___________ nerves combine with the _______ branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve to form the _____ plexus and supply?

A

Caroticotympanic + tympanic = tympanic plexus

Supply glands and bold vessels of middle ear

112
Q

Information for the lower extremities are carried in ___-___ and synapse where?

A

T10-L2

2nd-4th sacral ganglia

113
Q

After the sympathetics exit the cord in the cord in the anterior rootlets they follow the _____ _____ ______ and enter the sympathetic trunk via what?

A

Anterior primary ramus

White ramus communicans

114
Q

What 3 ways are fibers carries from the sympathetic trunk?

A

Nerves
Blood vessels
Direct branches

115
Q

How do the parasympathetics arrive at the pulmonary plexus?

A

Via the anterior and posterior bronchial branches of the vagus nerve

116
Q

T1-T4 give rise to axons that influence what?

A

Heart

117
Q

What do the sacral splanchnic nerves supply? Via what?

A

Direct to ureters and rectum

Pelvic viscera via inferior mesenteric plexus

118
Q

Fibers influence pelvic viscera arise from ___-___ and synapse where?

A

T10-L2

Lower thoracic, lumbar, pelvic areas

119
Q

What is the largest of the cervical sympathetic ganglia?

A

Superior

120
Q

What thoracic plexus has sympathetic fibers from t2-t4 that supply the pleura, bronchial glands and musculature?

A

Pulmonary plexus

121
Q

Fibers that influence abdominal viscera arise from ___-____ and synapse where?

A

T5-T-12
Lower thoracic ganglia
Pass through sympathetic trunk to be carried by greater/lesser/least splanchnic nerves

122
Q

Where does the sympathetic contribution of the esophageal plexus arise from?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves from T5-T9 or T10 ganglia

123
Q

The laryngeopharyngeal branches (directly to visceral structures-cervical) are from the _____ _____ ____. They form the _______ plexus along with fibers from the ______ and _____ nerves and the ______ plexus.

A

Superior cervical ganglion
Pharyngeal plexus
Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and laryngeal plexus = pharyngeal

124
Q

What level does the celiac plexus start at?

A

L1

125
Q

What thoracic plexus arise from contributions from vagus N, greater splanchnic N, and t1-t5 sympathetic ganglia?

A

Thoracic aortic

126
Q

Does the thoracic sympathetic trunk have gray ramus communicans?

A

Yes

127
Q

The thyroid branches of the middle cervical ganglion reach what and have what type of fibers?

A

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Vasomotor

128
Q

What does the inferior cervical ganglion communicate with?

A

Anterior primary rami of c7/c8 (t1 if fused)

129
Q

Anterior branches of the superior cervical ganglion follow what and supply what?

A

Common and external carotid arteries

Innervate BV that supply structures in/out skull

130
Q

What does sympathetic input do in regards to muscles controlling defecation and micturation?

A

Constricts external sphincter muscles

131
Q

What are the contributions to the thoracic aortic plexus?

A

Vagus N
Greater splanchnic N
T1-t5 sympathetic ganglia

132
Q

Branches from the lumbar sympathetic trunk that accompany blood vessels?

A

Vascular branches

133
Q

What are the fiber types within the autonomic plexuses?

A

Parasympathetic (pre/post)
Sympathetic (pre/post)
Afferent (somatic/visceral)

134
Q

What is the main abdominopelvic plexus?

A

Celiac plexus

135
Q

Secondary plexuses associated with the celiac plexus are named for what?

A

The arteries that are associated with each one

136
Q

Branches from the sacral sympathetic trunk that accompany blood vessels

A

Vascular branches (follow medial sacral artery)

137
Q

What are the contributions to the cardiac plexus?

A

Parasympathetic from superior and inferior cardiac N of the vagus N
Sympathetic from superior, middle and inferior cardiac N from t2-t4 sympathetic ganglia

138
Q

Branches from the thoracic sympathetic trunk that accompany blood vessels?

A

-ganglia 1-5

139
Q

The cardiac branches of the middle cervical ganglion make up what and contribute to what?

A

Middle cardiac nerves

Deep part of cardiac plexus

140
Q

What 5 things do direct branches to the viscera likely do?

A 
Constrict BV
Dilate bronchial tree
Stimulate glandular secretion
Dilate pupils
Inhibit digestive activity
141
Q

What ganglia form the greater splanchnic nerve

A

5th-9th ganglia

142
Q

Does the cervical sympathetic trunk have white rami communicans?

A

No

143
Q

How does parasympathetic stimulation within the pulmonary plexus affect glandular secretion?

A

Increases

144
Q

sympathetic trunk is located ____ to the carotid sheath and _______ to the necks of the ribs in the upper thoracic

A

Posterior

Anterior

145
Q

Branches from the sacral sympathetic trunks that travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Sacral splanchnic nerves

146
Q

Cardiac branches (direct to visceral structures- cervical) come from ____ _____ ______ and accompany branches of the _______ through the ______ plexus to the ______ ______

A

Each cervical ganglia
Vagus
Cardiac
Sinoatrial node

147
Q

T10-L2 give rise to axons that supply what?

A

Pelvic viscera and lower extremities

148
Q

Clinical implication of lateral internal carotid nerve forming the internal carotid plexus.
-postganglionic fibers from the ____ ____ nerve which combines with the ______ _____ neve to form the Nerve of the pterygoid canal. These fibers reach what glands?

A

Deep petrosal N + greater petrosal N

Lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and some pharyngeal glands

149
Q

Branches from the thoracic sympathetic trunk that travel directly to visceral structures?

A

Cardiac branches

Pulmonary branches

PNS (8 decks)

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