Brachial Plexus Flashcards
1
Q
What forms the brachial plexus?
A
Anterior primary rami of C5-T1
2
Q
Where does the brachial plexus travel?
A
Laterally over rib 1 into the axils
3
Q
Roots combine into____
A
Trunks
4
Q
Trunks divide into ______
A
Division
5
Q
Divisions combine ______ to form
A
Cords
6
Q
Cords divide into ______ _______
A
Terminal nerves
7
Q
Each root receives a ____ ______ ______ from sympathetic trunk
A
Gray ramus communicans
8
Q
Roots of the brachial plexus pass between the _____ and ______ _____ in the posterior triangle
A
Anterior and middle scalene
9
Q
What is the relation of the brachial plexus’s roots to the subclavian artery
A
Posterior and superior
10
Q
What roots combine to form the superior trunk?
A
C5 and C6
11
Q
What root(s) form the middle trunk?
A
C7
12
Q
what root (s) combine to form the inferior trunk?
A
C8 and T1
13
Q
Each trunk of the brachial plexus splits into an _____ and _____ ______.
A
Anterior and posterior division
14
Q
Cords of the brachial plexus are named for their relation to?
A
The axillary artery
15
Q
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what?
A
Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks
16
Q
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is made by what fibers?
A
C5, C6, C7
17
Q
The medial cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what?
A
Anterior division of the inferior trunk
18
Q
The medial cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what fibers?
A
C8 and T1
19
Q
The posterior cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what?
A
The posterior division of all 3 trunks
20
Q
The posterior cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what fibers?
A
C5-T1
21
Q
The dorsal scapular nerved is from branches off what root?
A
C5
22
Q
What is formed from a branch of the C5 root?
A
Dorsal scapular nerve
23
Q
What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?
A
Levator scapula
Rhomboid major/minor
24
Q
What nerve supplies the levator scapula and rhomboids?
A
Dorsal scapular nerve, C5
25
What roots forms the long thoracic nerve?
C5, C6, C7
26
What muscle does the long thoracic nerve supply?
Serrated anterior
27
What supplies the serratus anterior?
The long thoracic nerve
28
what nerves branch off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
Suprascapular nerve
| Nerve to subclavius
29
What forms the suprascapular nerve and what does the nerve supply?
C5 and C6
| Supraspinatus and infraspinatus
30
What forms the nerve to the subclavius and what does it supply?
C5 and C6
| Subclavius
31
What branches off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous
Median nerve (terminal branch)
32
What forms the lateral pectoral nerve and what does it supply?
```
C5-C7
Pectoralis major (also gets fibers from medial pectoral nerve)
```
33
What are the two terminal branches of the lateral cord?
Musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve
34
What forms the musculocutaneous nerve and what does it supply?
C5-C7
| Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
35
What supplies the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
36
What does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?
Coracobrachialis
37
What two muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve travel through within the forearm where it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?
Biceps brachii and brachialis
38
What does the musculocutaneous nerve turn into in the forearm after it passes through the biceps brachii and brachialis in the arm?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
39
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?
Skin over lateral forearm (NOT HAND)
40
What are the branches off of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Ulnar nerve
41
What makes up the medial pectoral nerve and what does it supply?
C8 and T1
| Pectoralis major and minor
42
What supplies the pectoralis major and minor?
Medial pectoral nerve
43
What makes up the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and what does it supply?
C8 and T1
| Skin of the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow
44
What supplies the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
45
What nerve receives come fibers from T2 through a communication with the intercostobrachial nerve?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
46
What forms the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and what does it supply?
C8 and T1
| Skin over biceps brachii and over anterior and medial aspects of the forearm proximal to the wrist
47
What nerve supplies the skin over the biceps brachii and the skin of the anterior/medial forearm?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
48
What forms the ulnar nerve?
C8-T1 and sometimes C7
49
Where does the ulnar nerve travel?
Within the bicipital sulcus, medial to the brachial artery
50
Does the ulnar nerve give off branches in the arm?
No
51
The ulnar nerve crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the ____ ____ in the ______ for the _____ ______
Medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve
52
What two muscles of the forearm does the ulnar nerve innervate?
1. Flexor carpi ulnaris
| 2. Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
53
What two sensory branches does the ulnar nerve give off in the forearm?
Dorsal and palmar branch
54
What does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand
55
What does the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supply?
Skin over the hypothenar eminence
56
The ulnar nerve travels ____ to the ____ ____ _____ to the wrist, and passes superficial to the _____ _____ and divides into _____ and_____ branches
Deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor retinaculum
Superficial and deep
57
The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve (within the wrist) further divides into three _____ ______ that supply what?
Terminal branches
| Palmer aspect of the little finger and the medial half of the ring finger
58
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (within the wrist) gives off branches that supply what 7 muscles?
```
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis
Deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
All interossei
Lumbricals 3 and 4
```
59
What (specific) supplies the follow muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei, and lumbricals 3 and 4?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (within the wrist)
60
What are the clinical considerations regarding the ulnar nerve?
Claw and ape hand
61
What cords contribute to the formation of the median nerve?
Lateral and medial
62
What fibers form the median nerve?
C6-T1
63
The median nerve travels through what structure within the arm?
Medial bicipital sulcus
64
Does the median nerve branch in the arm?
No
65
The median nerve crosses on the _____ side and enters the forearm after passing between what?
Anterior
| Between the two heads of the pronator there’s
66
The median nerve innervates what 7 muscles of the forearm
1. Pronator teres
2. Flexor carpi radialis
3. Palmeris longus
4. Flexor digitorum superficialis
5. Pronator quadratus
6. Flexor pollicis longus
7. Lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
* **5-7 through anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm—given off at the median nerve in the elbow
67
The anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm is a branch of what nerve given off at the elbow
Median
68
What 3 muscles does the anterior interossesous nerve of the forearm supply?
Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
69
Where is the palmar branch of of the median nerve given off?
Distal 1/3 forearm
70
What does the palmar branch of the median nerve supply?
Skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist and palm
71
The median nerve passes through the _____ _____ and divides into 3 common _____ _____ _____
Carpal tunnel
| Palmar digital nerves
72
The common palmar digital nerves of the median nerve supply what?
1. 1st 2 lumbricals
- FIRST COMMON PALMAR DIGITAL NERVE:
1. Abductor pollicis brevis
2. Flexor pollicis brevis
3. Opponens brevis
73
Each common palmar digital nerve splits into what?
Proper palmar digital nerves
74
What do the the proper palmar digital nerves do?
1. Sensory function
2. Skin over the lateral three and a half digits anteriorly
3. Skin lateral two and a half posteriorly
75
What supplies the periosteum, elbow, radiocarpall and midcarpal joints?
Median nerve
76
What nerve usually communicates with the ulnar nerve at the wrist?
Median
77
What are some clinical considerations with regards to the median nerve?
1. Hand of oath/benediction (atrophy to thenar eminence)
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome
3. Unable to probate
78
What are the branches off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
1. /2.Superior/inferior subscapular
3. Thoracodorsal
4. Axillary
5. Radial
79
What fibers make up the superior subscapular nerve and what does it supply?
C5 and C6
| Subscapular is
80
What supplies the subscapularis?
Superior subscapular nerve (c5/C6)
81
What fibers make up the thoracodorsal nerve and what does it supply?
C6-C8
| Latissimus Doris
82
What nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
83
What fibers make up the inferior subscapular nerve and what does it supply?
C5-C6
| Subscapularis and teres major?
84
What nerve supplies the subscapularis and the teres major
Inferior subscapular nerve
85
What fibers make up the axillary nerve and what does it supply?
C5 and C6
| Deltoid and teres minor
86
What nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor?
Axillary nerve (c5-C6)
87
The axillary nerve travels _______ around the _____ neck of the humerus
Posteriorly
| Surgical
88
Where is the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm given off and from what nerve?
At the same level that the branch to the teres minor is given off of the AXILLARY nerve
89
What does the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supply?
Skin over lateral shoulder and upper arm
90
What nerve supplies the skin of the lateral shoulder and upper arm?
Lateral superior cutaneous nerve of the arm (branch of the axillary nerve)
91
What fibers form the radial nerve and what does it supply?
C5-T1 (sometimes
| All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of arm AND forearm
92
The radial nerve spirals around the ______ humerus from the ____ _____ ______
Posterior
| Medial bicipital sulcus
93
What branches off the radial nerve in the upper arm to supply the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
94
What branches off the radial nerve in the middle arm?
Interior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
95
What do the muscular branches of the radial nerve supply?
1. Triceps brachii
2. Anconeus (by way of a branch off the medial head)
3. Brachialis (also musculocutaneous)
96
What is the branch of the radial nerve that is given off in the upper arm that supplies a narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
97
Branches given off the radial nerve at the level of the epicondyle supply what?
Brachioradialis
| Extensor carpi radialis longus
98
The radial nerve passes into the forearm on the ________ side of the elbow after traveling between what two muscles?
Anterior
| Brachialis and brachioradialis
99
At the level of the radial head what happens to the radial nerve?
Splits into a superficial and deep branch
100
The superficial branch of the radial nerve follows the _________ muscle to the posterior surface of the hand and gives rise to what?
Brachioradialis
| Dorsal digital nerves
101
What to the dorsal digital nerves, a branch of the radial nerve supply?
- radial side of posterior hand
- extensor side of thumb
- extensor side of proximal phalanges of digits 2/3
- lateral half of extensor side of ring finger
102
The superficial branch of the radial nerve gives off what?
Communicating branch with the ulnar nerve
103
The deep branch of the radial nerve penetrates the _______ muscle and gives off branches that supply _____ _______ muscles
Supinator
| Posterior forearm
104
The deep branch of the radial nerve terminates as what nerve?
Posterior interosseous nerve
105
What does the posterior interosseous nerve supply?
1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
2. Supinator
3. Extensor digitorum
4. Extensor digit minimi
5. Extensor carpi ulnaris
6. Abductor pollicis longus/brevis
7. Extensor indicis
106
To where does the radial nerve send articular branches?
Shoulder and wrist
107
What are clinical considerations regarding the radial nerve?
- wrist drop (damage doesn’t inhibit supination bc biceps brachii is primary supinator)
- triceps and brachioradialis reflexes
108
brachial plexus injuries:
| Supraclavicular
Erb-duchenne
109
What does erb-duchenne affect what nerves?
- suprascapular
- musculocutaneous
- axillary
C5-C6 nerve roots affected
110
Erb-duchenne causes atrophy of what muscles?
Brachialis, biceps brachii, deltoid
111
What clinical appearance might you see wit erb-duchenne?
Waits “tip”
112
Brachial plexus injuries
| Infraclavicular
Klumpke
113
What nerves are affected with Klumpke syndrome?
C8-T1
Ulnar nerve affected
**T1 root damage would damage sympathetic trunk
=horner’s syndrome
114
What muscles are affected with klumpke?
Hand muscles-hypothenar, interossei, thenar
| Forearm- flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus
115
What is horner’s syndrome
In infraclavicular-klumpke’s if T1 nerve root affected= horner’s
= pots is, miosis
