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Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

Anterior primary rami of C5-T1

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2
Q

Where does the brachial plexus travel?

A

Laterally over rib 1 into the axils

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3
Q

Roots combine into____

A

Trunks

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4
Q

Trunks divide into ______

A

Division

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5
Q

Divisions combine ______ to form

A

Cords

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6
Q

Cords divide into ______ _______

A

Terminal nerves

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7
Q

Each root receives a ____ ______ ______ from sympathetic trunk

A

Gray ramus communicans

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8
Q

Roots of the brachial plexus pass between the _____ and ______ _____ in the posterior triangle

A

Anterior and middle scalene

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9
Q

What is the relation of the brachial plexus’s roots to the subclavian artery

A

Posterior and superior

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10
Q

What roots combine to form the superior trunk?

A

C5 and C6

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11
Q

What root(s) form the middle trunk?

A

C7

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12
Q

what root (s) combine to form the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1

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13
Q

Each trunk of the brachial plexus splits into an _____ and _____ ______.

A

Anterior and posterior division

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14
Q

Cords of the brachial plexus are named for their relation to?

A

The axillary artery

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15
Q

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what?

A

Anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks

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16
Q

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus is made by what fibers?

A

C5, C6, C7

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17
Q

The medial cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what?

A

Anterior division of the inferior trunk

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18
Q

The medial cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what fibers?

A

C8 and T1

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19
Q

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what?

A

The posterior division of all 3 trunks

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20
Q

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus is formed by what fibers?

A

C5-T1

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21
Q

The dorsal scapular nerved is from branches off what root?

A

C5

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22
Q

What is formed from a branch of the C5 root?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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23
Q

What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

Levator scapula

Rhomboid major/minor

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the levator scapula and rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve, C5

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25
Q

What roots forms the long thoracic nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

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26
Q

What muscle does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

Serrated anterior

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27
Q

What supplies the serratus anterior?

A

The long thoracic nerve

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28
Q

what nerves branch off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

Suprascapular nerve

Nerve to subclavius

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29
Q

What forms the suprascapular nerve and what does the nerve supply?

A

C5 and C6

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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30
Q

What forms the nerve to the subclavius and what does it supply?

A

C5 and C6

Subclavius

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31
Q

What branches off the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous
Median nerve (terminal branch)

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32
Q

What forms the lateral pectoral nerve and what does it supply?

A 
C5-C7
Pectoralis major (also gets fibers from medial pectoral nerve)
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33
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the lateral cord?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve

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34
Q

What forms the musculocutaneous nerve and what does it supply?

A

C5-C7

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

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35
Q

What supplies the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

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36
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce?

A

Coracobrachialis

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37
Q

What two muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve travel through within the forearm where it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii and brachialis

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38
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve turn into in the forearm after it passes through the biceps brachii and brachialis in the arm?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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39
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply?

A

Skin over lateral forearm (NOT HAND)

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40
Q

What are the branches off of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Medial pectoral nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Ulnar nerve

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41
Q

What makes up the medial pectoral nerve and what does it supply?

A

C8 and T1

Pectoralis major and minor

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42
Q

What supplies the pectoralis major and minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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43
Q

What makes up the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and what does it supply?

A

C8 and T1

Skin of the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow

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44
Q

What supplies the medial arm between the axilla and the elbow?

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

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45
Q

What nerve receives come fibers from T2 through a communication with the intercostobrachial nerve?

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

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46
Q

What forms the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and what does it supply?

A

C8 and T1

Skin over biceps brachii and over anterior and medial aspects of the forearm proximal to the wrist

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47
Q

What nerve supplies the skin over the biceps brachii and the skin of the anterior/medial forearm?

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

48
Q

What forms the ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1 and sometimes C7

49
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve travel?

A

Within the bicipital sulcus, medial to the brachial artery

50
Q

Does the ulnar nerve give off branches in the arm?

51
Q

The ulnar nerve crosses the elbow on the posterior side of the ____ ____ in the ______ for the _____ ______

A

Medial epicondyle in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve

52
Q

What two muscles of the forearm does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A
  1. Flexor carpi ulnaris

2. Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

53
Q

What two sensory branches does the ulnar nerve give off in the forearm?

A

Dorsal and palmar branch

54
Q

What does the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand

55
Q

What does the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Skin over the hypothenar eminence

56
Q

The ulnar nerve travels ____ to the ____ ____ _____ to the wrist, and passes superficial to the _____ _____ and divides into _____ and_____ branches

A

Deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor retinaculum
Superficial and deep

57
Q

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve (within the wrist) further divides into three _____ ______ that supply what?

A

Terminal branches

Palmer aspect of the little finger and the medial half of the ring finger

58
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (within the wrist) gives off branches that supply what 7 muscles?

A 
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis
Deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
All interossei 
Lumbricals 3 and 4
59
Q

What (specific) supplies the follow muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei, and lumbricals 3 and 4?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (within the wrist)

60
Q

What are the clinical considerations regarding the ulnar nerve?

A

Claw and ape hand

61
Q

What cords contribute to the formation of the median nerve?

A

Lateral and medial

62
Q

What fibers form the median nerve?

63
Q

The median nerve travels through what structure within the arm?

A

Medial bicipital sulcus

64
Q

Does the median nerve branch in the arm?

65
Q

The median nerve crosses on the _____ side and enters the forearm after passing between what?

A

Anterior

Between the two heads of the pronator there’s

66
Q

The median nerve innervates what 7 muscles of the forearm

A
  1. Pronator teres
  2. Flexor carpi radialis
  3. Palmeris longus
  4. Flexor digitorum superficialis
  5. Pronator quadratus
  6. Flexor pollicis longus
  7. Lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus
    * **5-7 through anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm—given off at the median nerve in the elbow
67
Q

The anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm is a branch of what nerve given off at the elbow

68
Q

What 3 muscles does the anterior interossesous nerve of the forearm supply?

A

Pronator quadratus
Flexor pollicis longus
Lateral bellies of flexor digitorum profundus

69
Q

Where is the palmar branch of of the median nerve given off?

A

Distal 1/3 forearm

70
Q

What does the palmar branch of the median nerve supply?

A

Skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist and palm

71
Q

The median nerve passes through the _____ _____ and divides into 3 common _____ _____ _____

A

Carpal tunnel

Palmar digital nerves

72
Q

The common palmar digital nerves of the median nerve supply what?

A
  1. 1st 2 lumbricals
    - FIRST COMMON PALMAR DIGITAL NERVE:
  2. Abductor pollicis brevis
  3. Flexor pollicis brevis
  4. Opponens brevis
73
Q

Each common palmar digital nerve splits into what?

A

Proper palmar digital nerves

74
Q

What do the the proper palmar digital nerves do?

A
  1. Sensory function
  2. Skin over the lateral three and a half digits anteriorly
  3. Skin lateral two and a half posteriorly
75
Q

What supplies the periosteum, elbow, radiocarpall and midcarpal joints?

A

Median nerve

76
Q

What nerve usually communicates with the ulnar nerve at the wrist?

77
Q

What are some clinical considerations with regards to the median nerve?

A
  1. Hand of oath/benediction (atrophy to thenar eminence)
  2. Carpal tunnel syndrome
  3. Unable to probate
78
Q

What are the branches off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A
  1. /2.Superior/inferior subscapular
  2. Thoracodorsal
  3. Axillary
  4. Radial
79
Q

What fibers make up the superior subscapular nerve and what does it supply?

A

C5 and C6

Subscapular is

80
Q

What supplies the subscapularis?

A

Superior subscapular nerve (c5/C6)

81
Q

What fibers make up the thoracodorsal nerve and what does it supply?

A

C6-C8

Latissimus Doris

82
Q

What nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

83
Q

What fibers make up the inferior subscapular nerve and what does it supply?

A

C5-C6

Subscapularis and teres major?

84
Q

What nerve supplies the subscapularis and the teres major

A

Inferior subscapular nerve

85
Q

What fibers make up the axillary nerve and what does it supply?

A

C5 and C6

Deltoid and teres minor

86
Q

What nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (c5-C6)

87
Q

The axillary nerve travels _______ around the _____ neck of the humerus

A

Posteriorly

Surgical

88
Q

Where is the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm given off and from what nerve?

A

At the same level that the branch to the teres minor is given off of the AXILLARY nerve

89
Q

What does the superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supply?

A

Skin over lateral shoulder and upper arm

90
Q

What nerve supplies the skin of the lateral shoulder and upper arm?

A

Lateral superior cutaneous nerve of the arm (branch of the axillary nerve)

91
Q

What fibers form the radial nerve and what does it supply?

A

C5-T1 (sometimes

All of the muscles of the posterior compartment of arm AND forearm

92
Q

The radial nerve spirals around the ______ humerus from the ____ _____ ______

A

Posterior

Medial bicipital sulcus

93
Q

What branches off the radial nerve in the upper arm to supply the skin on the posterior side of the upper arm?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm

94
Q

What branches off the radial nerve in the middle arm?

A

Interior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

95
Q

What do the muscular branches of the radial nerve supply?

A
  1. Triceps brachii
  2. Anconeus (by way of a branch off the medial head)
  3. Brachialis (also musculocutaneous)
96
Q

What is the branch of the radial nerve that is given off in the upper arm that supplies a narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm

97
Q

Branches given off the radial nerve at the level of the epicondyle supply what?

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

98
Q

The radial nerve passes into the forearm on the ________ side of the elbow after traveling between what two muscles?

A

Anterior

Brachialis and brachioradialis

99
Q

At the level of the radial head what happens to the radial nerve?

A

Splits into a superficial and deep branch

100
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve follows the _________ muscle to the posterior surface of the hand and gives rise to what?

A

Brachioradialis

Dorsal digital nerves

101
Q

What to the dorsal digital nerves, a branch of the radial nerve supply?

A
  • radial side of posterior hand
  • extensor side of thumb
  • extensor side of proximal phalanges of digits 2/3
  • lateral half of extensor side of ring finger
102
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve gives off what?

A

Communicating branch with the ulnar nerve

103
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve penetrates the _______ muscle and gives off branches that supply _____ _______ muscles

A

Supinator

Posterior forearm

104
Q

The deep branch of the radial nerve terminates as what nerve?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve

105
Q

What does the posterior interosseous nerve supply?

A
  1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  2. Supinator
  3. Extensor digitorum
  4. Extensor digit minimi
  5. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  6. Abductor pollicis longus/brevis
  7. Extensor indicis
106
Q

To where does the radial nerve send articular branches?

A

Shoulder and wrist

107
Q

What are clinical considerations regarding the radial nerve?

A
  • wrist drop (damage doesn’t inhibit supination bc biceps brachii is primary supinator)
  • triceps and brachioradialis reflexes
108
Q

brachial plexus injuries:

Supraclavicular

A

Erb-duchenne

109
Q

What does erb-duchenne affect what nerves?

A
  • suprascapular
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary

C5-C6 nerve roots affected

110
Q

Erb-duchenne causes atrophy of what muscles?

A

Brachialis, biceps brachii, deltoid

111
Q

What clinical appearance might you see wit erb-duchenne?

A

Waits “tip”

112
Q

Brachial plexus injuries

Infraclavicular

113
Q

What nerves are affected with Klumpke syndrome?

A

C8-T1
Ulnar nerve affected

**T1 root damage would damage sympathetic trunk
=horner’s syndrome

114
Q

What muscles are affected with klumpke?

A

Hand muscles-hypothenar, interossei, thenar

Forearm- flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus

115
Q

What is horner’s syndrome

A

In infraclavicular-klumpke’s if T1 nerve root affected= horner’s

= pots is, miosis

PNS (8 decks)

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