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PNS > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

After vibrations are transmitted through the scala vestibuli, then tympani to the oval window, the resulting vibrations are transmitted through the _____ that causes the ____ ___ to vibrate which stimulates the receptors in the ___ ______

A

Perilymph
Basilar membrane
Spiral organ

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2
Q

What does the dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage give rise to?

A

Malleus

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3
Q

The lateral semicircular canal forms a small impression on this wall

A

Medial/labyrinthine wall

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4
Q

Sensory nerve supply to the ear is from what?

A

Auriculotemporal N (of mandibular division, trigeminal)
Auricular branch of vagus
Greater auricular N (C2/C3)

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5
Q

What is wrapped around the modiolus?

A

A central tube from the bony part of the cochlea

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6
Q

The anterior auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch from what?

A

Superficial temporal artery

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7
Q

What does the tectorial membrane cover?

A

Hair cells of the spiral organ of the inner ear

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8
Q

What it’s the pyramidal eminence?

A

Opening within the mastoid/posterior wall that the tendon of the stapedius muscle passes through

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9
Q

Auricle develops from?

A

Groove next to first pharyngeal groove

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10
Q

The ______, an impression made by the cochlea that is covered by the _______ _____ which is formed by the branch of CN ____ and branches of the ___ _____ _____

A

Promontory
Tympanic plexus
CN 9 and branches of the internal carotid plexus

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11
Q

What are the auditory tube and tympanic cavity derived from?

A

First pharyngeal pouch

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12
Q

The scala tympani is ______ the cochlear duct. Vibrations that are transmitted through the scala vestibuli pass to the scala tympani via the helicotrema. The base of the scala tympani is the ____ _____

A

Below

Oval window

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13
Q

What forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear?

A

A thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein

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14
Q

The placode ________ giving rise to the ____ ____ then ____ _____

A

Invaginates
Auditory pit
Auditory vesicle

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15
Q

The posterior auricular muscle inserts on the _____, ______ aspect of the _______

A

Lower, posterior

Concha

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16
Q

The tympanic membrane develops from?

A

Interstitial mesoderm

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17
Q

The _____ of the cochlea, the _____ _____, is directed _______

A

Apex
Cochlear cupula
Anteriolaterally

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18
Q

The cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli by the ____ ____ and from the scala tympani by the _____/_____ ______

A

Vestibular membrane

Basilar/spiral membrane

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19
Q

What does the first pharyngeal groove give rise to?

A

External acoustic canal

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20
Q

Temporal and posterior auricular branches give what supply to the ear?

A

Motor

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21
Q

The foot of the _____ articulates with the oval window, which forms the base of the scala vestibuli. The ___ ____ is smaller than the ____ ______ and this causes the vibrations to be amplified another ____ times

A

Stapes
Oval window
Tympanic membrane
17

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22
Q

What are the parts of the the vestibular labyrinth (membranous labyrinth)

A

Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, utricosaccular duct, endolymph duct and sac and ductur reuiens

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23
Q

The dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what?

A

Incus

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24
Q

What does the carotid wall separate?

A

The cavity from the internal carotid artery

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25
Q

What does the cochlea contain?

A

Cochlear duct

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26
Q

What does the vestibule contain?

A

Utricle and saccule

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27
Q

The superior auricular muscle inserts on the ______ side of the _____

A

Superior

Auricle

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28
Q

What does the petrous part of the temporal bone form

A

The roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear

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29
Q

The spiral organ has numerous hair-like projections that project ______ from the _____/______ membrane and are sensitive to _____ and _____ of sound waves that enter the cochlea

A

Superiorward
Basilar/spiral
Amplitude and frequency

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30
Q

The incus, malleus and stapes are found within what portion of the ear?

A

Middle ear

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31
Q

The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from cells in the _____ ____. Information is relayed through the _____ _____ to the ____ ____ and ____ ___ in the medulla oblongata. then carried to the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ and _____ ___ ___ then to the ____lobe, and broadmann areas ___ and ____

A 
Spiral ganglion
Cochlear nuclei
Superior Olivary and trapezoid nuclei
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculi and medial geniculate bodies
Temporal lobe and areas 41 and 42
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32
Q

What is the name of the opening between the mastoid air cells and the tympanic cavity within the mastoid/posterior wall

A

Aditus of mastoid antrum

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33
Q

The external acoustic meatus is covered by skin the entire length, therefore there are _____ _____ _____ that produce cerumen

A

Modified sweat glands

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34
Q

What two muscles are located in the tympanic cavity?

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

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35
Q

After the vibrations reach the ossicles of the middle ear, they are transmitted through the ______ of the ____ ____ then the ___ ___ finally reaching the ___ ____

A

Perilymph
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Round window

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36
Q

The posterior auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch of what?

A

External carotid A

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37
Q

What is the auricle composed of?

A

Cartilage

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38
Q

The _____ _______ is the opening that the tendon of the ______ muscles passes through within the mastoid/posterior wall

A

Pyramidal eminence

Stapedius

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39
Q

The malleus is derived from what?

A

Dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage

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40
Q

Information will be conveyed from receptor cells of the spiral organ to ____ ____ ____. The cell bodies for these neurons are located in the ____ ____

A

Primary sensory neurons

Spiral ganglion

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41
Q

The cochlea is made up of 3 channels:

A

Cochlear duct, scala vestibuli, scala tympani

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42
Q

The auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch of what?

A

Occipital artery

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43
Q

Anterior auricular muscle inserts on the ______ of the _____

A

Front of the helix

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44
Q

The incus develops from what?

A

Dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch

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45
Q

The utricle detects what kind of accelerations

A

Centrifugal and vertical accelerations

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46
Q

The cochlea (within the bony labyrinth) has a tube that is coiled around a cone-shaped central body structure called the _______. the cochlea wraps around this __ - __ times.

A

Modiolus

2.5-2.75

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47
Q

External acoustic canal develops from?

A

First pharyngeal groove

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48
Q

Hair-like projections from the spiral organ within the inner ear are sensitive to what?

A

Amplitude and frequency of sound waves that enter to cochlea

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49
Q

What is the sensory supply to the middle ear?

A

Tympanic nerve of CN 9

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50
Q

What does the semicircular canal contain?

A

Anterior/superior, lateral and posterior semicircular canals contain the semicircular ducts

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51
Q

The scala ____ and scala ____ communicate with each other at the apex through a channel called the ______

A

Scala tympani and vestibuli

Helicotrema

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52
Q

What will the auditory vesicle give rise to?

A

Most of the membranous inner ear

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53
Q

What makes up the cochlear labyrinth?

A

Cochlear duct

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54
Q

What is the blood supply to the labyrinth?

A

Internal auditor artery (branch of basilar A)

Style Astrid artery (branch of posterior auricular A)

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55
Q

Motor supply to the ear is given by what?

A

Temporal and posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve

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56
Q

Sound waves cause the _____ ____ to vibrate. The ossicles of the middle ear, _____, _____, ____, transmit vibrations. This amplifies the vibrat ions by ___ times.

A

Tympanic membrane
Malleus, incus, stapes
1.2

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57
Q

Nerve supply to the labyrinth?

A

Sympathetics from cavernous and internal carotid plexuses
Cochlear nerve
Vestibular nerve

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58
Q

After the vibrations are transmitted to the basilar membrane and stimulate the receptors in the spiral organ this information is transmitted to the ____ _____

A

Cochlear N

59
Q

The sense organs of the semicircular ducts, crista, are located within the _____ of each duct.

60
Q

The auricle is a horn-like structure the serves to funnel ____ ___ into ____ ___ _____.

A

Sound waves

External acoustic meatus

61
Q

What are the 6 intrinsic muscles of the ear?

A 
Helicis major/minor
Tragicus
Antitragicus
Transverse muscle of the auricle
Oblique muscle of the auricle
62
Q

The tympanic membrane forms what boundary of the middle ear?

A

The lateral or membranous wall

63
Q

The spiral ligament anchors what?

A

The cochlear duct to the outer wall of the cochlea

64
Q

What is the roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear made of?

A

Patrons part of the temporal bone

65
Q

Mucus membranes of the middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid area are supplied by what plexus that also have branches that cover the promontory

A

Internal carotid plexus

66
Q

What are the sense organs within the utricle and saccule called?

67
Q

What 3 branches give blood supply to the external acoustic meatus?

A

Posterior, anterior auricular and auricular branches

68
Q

The stapes attaches to the _____ _____ on the _______/_______ wall

A

Oval window on the labyrinthine/medial wall

69
Q

Vestibular nerve is made from axons from the ____ ____. the axons are carried to the ____ ____ ___ of the medulla oblongata. Information is processed in the ______

A

Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular nuclear complex
Cerebellum

70
Q

What invaginates to give rise to the auditory pit and vesicle?

71
Q

The hair cells of the spiral organ are covered by the ______ ______

A

Tectorial membrane

72
Q

What detects centrifugal and vertical accelerations?

73
Q

What are the two parts to the inner ear/labyrinth?

A

Bony and membranous

74
Q

The cochlear duct is in the middle of the bony labyrinth with the ____ ____ above and ____ _____ and is filled with ______

A

Scala vestibuli above, tympani below

Endolymph

75
Q

What to the caroticotympanic nerves supply and carry?

A

Sympathetic to middle ear

Carry vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from superior cervical ganglion by way of internal carotid plexus

76
Q

Where is the middle ear located?

A

Space between tympanic membrane and the inner ear

77
Q

What are the 3 parts of the bony labyrinth?

A

Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals

78
Q

The stapes is derived from?

A

Dorsal end of second pharyngeal arch

79
Q

What is the sequence of the three bones in the middle ear?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

80
Q

The saccule communicates with?

A

Cochlear duct

81
Q

What bone in the middle ear transmits vibration from the malleus to the stapes?

82
Q

The inferior branch carries information from the _____ ____ ____ and _____ and contains _____ fibers

A

Posterior semicircular duct and saccule

8000 fibers

83
Q

What are the two parts of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess

84
Q

What does the dorsal end of the second pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

85
Q

The semicircular ducts are sensitive to _______ in any direction. But particularly sensitive to _______ ______

A

Acceleration

Rotational accelerations

86
Q

A thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear. A small opening in this bone serves as the entrance for the _____ _____ of the ______ nerve

A

Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

87
Q

What wall of the middle ear is incomplete?

A

The posterior/mastoid wall

88
Q

The scala vestibuli is _______ the cochlear duct and filled with _____. The oval window forms its _____ so vibrations are transmitted into the scala vestibuli as the stapes vibrates

A

Above
Perilymph
Base

89
Q

The _____ of the _______ connects the cochlea to the modiolus

A

Lamina of the modiolus

90
Q

What are the sense organs within the semicircular ducts called?

91
Q

What is the motor supply to the middle ear?

A

N. To the stapedius of the facial N (supply stapedius)

Medial pterygoid nerve (mandibular, trigeminal) supply tensor tympani

92
Q

What does the stapes sit against?

A

Oval window

93
Q

What is the function of the auricle?

A

Funnel sound waves into the external acoustic meatus

94
Q

Impulses initiated by the crista in the semicircular ducts are carried by neurons with cell bodies located in the ____ ____. The dendrites carrying information to the _____ _____ are collected in two branches: ______ and ______ branches

A

Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular ganglion
Superior and inferior branch

95
Q

The saccule detects what kinds of accelerations

A

Accelerations

96
Q

The tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess make up what portion of the ear?

A

Middle ear

97
Q

What does the incus bone do?

A

Transmits vibration from the malleus to the incus

98
Q

The cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals make up what structure?

A

Bony labyrinth

99
Q

What detects linear accelerations?

100
Q

What are the blood supplies to the middle ear?

A

Anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary A

Tympanic branch of the internal carotid

101
Q

The vestibular labyrinth consists of 2 sacs, the ____ and ____ and 3 semicircular ducts. ______ is contained within all these

A

Utricle and saccule

Endolymph

102
Q

What is the largest bone located within the tympanic cavity?

A

Malleus-contacts the tympanic membrane

103
Q

What openings are in the carotid wall?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube
Opening that tensor tympani passes through
The chorda tympani exits

104
Q

What’s another name for the inner ear?

105
Q

______ float in the endolymph of the utricle and saccule. Movements of the head cause the _____ to deflect ______, eliciting ______

A

Otoliths
Otoliths deflect maculae
Elicit impulses

106
Q

The stapedius and tensor tympani muscles are found where?

A

Tympanic cavity (part of the middle ear)

107
Q

What is the smallest auricular placing muscle?

108
Q

What forms the lateral/membranous wall of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

There is a bony part adjacent to the tympanic membrane

109
Q

What nerve supplies the tensor tympani muscle>

A

Medial pterygoid N of mandibular, trigeminal

110
Q

Medial 2/3 of the external acoustic meatus is within the _____ bone

111
Q

What three bones are found within the middle ear?

A

Incus, malleus and stapes

112
Q

Length and shape of the external acoustic meatus

A

1 inch, S shape

113
Q

The labyrinthine or medial wall is the boundary between the ____ ____ and the ____ _____

A

Middle ear and inner ear

114
Q

The spiral organ is located on the _____ of the _____ ___ and is attached to the _____/______ _____

A

Floor of the cochlear duct

Basilar/spiral membrane

115
Q

The posterior or mastoid wall is ________. The _____ of the ____ ____ is an opening between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells

A

Incomplete

Aditus of the mastoid antrum

116
Q

The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by _____

117
Q

What openings are located within the posterior/mastoid wall?

A

Aditus of mastoid antrum
Pyramidal eminence (tendon of stapedius through)
Chorda tympani

118
Q

The superior branch is _______ and carries information from the _____ and _____ ____ ____ and ______. Also some from the _____ (_______ Nerve)

A

Larger
Superior and lateral semicircular duct and the utricle
Saccule (voits nerve)

119
Q

What does the external ear consist of?

A

Auricle and external acoustic meatus

120
Q

The auricle and external acoustic meatus make up what portion of the ear?

A

External ear

121
Q

The auriculotemporal (mandibular, trigeminal), auricular (vagus), and greater auricular N (C2/C3) have what supply to the ear?

122
Q

The caroticotympanic nerves carry ____ and ______ fibers from the _____ _____ ganglion by way of the ___ _____ ______

A

Vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
Internal carotid plexus

123
Q

How can you move the lobule to see the entire external acoustic meatus with an otoscope?

A

Down, out and forward

124
Q

Within the membranous labyrinth, there are two other labyrinths?

A

Cochlear and vestibular labyrinths

125
Q

What is the name of the embryology all thickening on the lateral head?

126
Q

Where does the external acoustic meatus terminate?

A

Tympanic membrane

127
Q

Opening for the pharyngotympanic tube, tensor tympani passes through and chorda tympani exits through openings on what wall?

A

Carotid wall (separates cavity from internal carotid artery)

128
Q

The cochlear duct is anchored to the outer wall of the cochlea by the _____ _____

A

Spiral ligament

129
Q

What does interstitial mesoderm give rise to?

A

Tympanic membrane

130
Q

Sound waves enter the ___ ___ ____ causing the ____ ____ to vibrate

A

External acoustic meatus

Tympanic membrane

131
Q

What is the largest auricular placing muscle?

132
Q

_____, are sense organs within the utricle and saccule and are bathed in _____

A

Maculae

Endolymph

133
Q

The ______ labyrinth is an _____ for the membranous labyrinth

A

Bony

Enclosure

134
Q

The anterior tympanic branch (internal maxillary A)and tympanic branch (internal carotid A) supply what?

A

The middle ear

135
Q

The utricle is _____ than the saccule and communicates with the ______ ____ and the saccule by way of the ______ _____

A

Bigger
Semicircular ducts
Utricosaccular duct

136
Q

What are supplied by the internal carotid plexus

A

Mucus membranes of the middle ear, mastoid area and pharyngotympanic tube

137
Q

The utricle and saccule make up what structure within the bony labyrinth?

138
Q

The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by ______ and within it there is ________

A

Perilymph

Endolymph

139
Q

The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to what?

A

Auditory tube and tympanic cavity

140
Q

What 3 extrinsic muscles position the auricle?

A

Anterior, superior and posterior auricular muscle

141
Q

The oval window attaches to what?

A

The stapes

142
Q

What is the sympathetic supply to the middle ear?

A

Caroticotympanic nerves

143
Q

What nerve supplies the stapedius muscle of the middle ear

A

N to stapedius of facial N

144
Q

Ear consists of ____, _____, _____ portions

A

External, middle inner

PNS (8 decks)

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