Ear Flashcards
1
Q
After vibrations are transmitted through the scala vestibuli, then tympani to the oval window, the resulting vibrations are transmitted through the _____ that causes the ____ ___ to vibrate which stimulates the receptors in the ___ ______
A
Perilymph
Basilar membrane
Spiral organ
2
Q
What does the dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage give rise to?
A
Malleus
3
Q
The lateral semicircular canal forms a small impression on this wall
A
Medial/labyrinthine wall
4
Q
Sensory nerve supply to the ear is from what?
A
Auriculotemporal N (of mandibular division, trigeminal)
Auricular branch of vagus
Greater auricular N (C2/C3)
5
Q
What is wrapped around the modiolus?
A
A central tube from the bony part of the cochlea
6
Q
The anterior auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch from what?
A
Superficial temporal artery
7
Q
What does the tectorial membrane cover?
A
Hair cells of the spiral organ of the inner ear
8
Q
What it’s the pyramidal eminence?
A
Opening within the mastoid/posterior wall that the tendon of the stapedius muscle passes through
9
Q
Auricle develops from?
A
Groove next to first pharyngeal groove
10
Q
The ______, an impression made by the cochlea that is covered by the _______ _____ which is formed by the branch of CN ____ and branches of the ___ _____ _____
A
Promontory
Tympanic plexus
CN 9 and branches of the internal carotid plexus
11
Q
What are the auditory tube and tympanic cavity derived from?
A
First pharyngeal pouch
12
Q
The scala tympani is ______ the cochlear duct. Vibrations that are transmitted through the scala vestibuli pass to the scala tympani via the helicotrema. The base of the scala tympani is the ____ _____
A
Below
Oval window
13
Q
What forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear?
A
A thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein
14
Q
The placode ________ giving rise to the ____ ____ then ____ _____
A
Invaginates
Auditory pit
Auditory vesicle
15
Q
The posterior auricular muscle inserts on the _____, ______ aspect of the _______
A
Lower, posterior
Concha
16
Q
The tympanic membrane develops from?
A
Interstitial mesoderm
17
Q
The _____ of the cochlea, the _____ _____, is directed _______
A
Apex
Cochlear cupula
Anteriolaterally
18
Q
The cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli by the ____ ____ and from the scala tympani by the _____/_____ ______
A
Vestibular membrane
Basilar/spiral membrane
19
Q
What does the first pharyngeal groove give rise to?
A
External acoustic canal
20
Q
Temporal and posterior auricular branches give what supply to the ear?
A
Motor
21
Q
The foot of the _____ articulates with the oval window, which forms the base of the scala vestibuli. The ___ ____ is smaller than the ____ ______ and this causes the vibrations to be amplified another ____ times
A
Stapes
Oval window
Tympanic membrane
17
22
Q
What are the parts of the the vestibular labyrinth (membranous labyrinth)
A
Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, utricosaccular duct, endolymph duct and sac and ductur reuiens
23
Q
The dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what?
A
Incus
24
Q
What does the carotid wall separate?
A
The cavity from the internal carotid artery
25
What does the cochlea contain?
Cochlear duct
26
What does the vestibule contain?
Utricle and saccule
27
The superior auricular muscle inserts on the ______ side of the _____
Superior
| Auricle
28
What does the petrous part of the temporal bone form
The roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear
29
The spiral organ has numerous hair-like projections that project ______ from the _____/______ membrane and are sensitive to _____ and _____ of sound waves that enter the cochlea
Superiorward
Basilar/spiral
Amplitude and frequency
30
The incus, malleus and stapes are found within what portion of the ear?
Middle ear
31
The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from cells in the _____ ____. Information is relayed through the _____ _____ to the ____ ____ and ____ ___ in the medulla oblongata. then carried to the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ and _____ ___ ___ then to the ____lobe, and broadmann areas ___ and ____
```
Spiral ganglion
Cochlear nuclei
Superior Olivary and trapezoid nuclei
Lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculi and medial geniculate bodies
Temporal lobe and areas 41 and 42
```
32
What is the name of the opening between the mastoid air cells and the tympanic cavity within the mastoid/posterior wall
Aditus of mastoid antrum
33
The external acoustic meatus is covered by skin the entire length, therefore there are _____ _____ _____ that produce cerumen
Modified sweat glands
34
What two muscles are located in the tympanic cavity?
Stapedius and tensor tympani
35
After the vibrations reach the ossicles of the middle ear, they are transmitted through the ______ of the ____ ____ then the ___ ___ finally reaching the ___ ____
Perilymph
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Round window
36
The posterior auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch of what?
External carotid A
37
What is the auricle composed of?
Cartilage
38
The _____ _______ is the opening that the tendon of the ______ muscles passes through within the mastoid/posterior wall
Pyramidal eminence
| Stapedius
39
The malleus is derived from what?
Dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage
40
Information will be conveyed from receptor cells of the spiral organ to ____ ____ ____. The cell bodies for these neurons are located in the ____ ____
Primary sensory neurons
| Spiral ganglion
41
The cochlea is made up of 3 channels:
Cochlear duct, scala vestibuli, scala tympani
42
The auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch of what?
Occipital artery
43
Anterior auricular muscle inserts on the ______ of the _____
Front of the helix
44
The incus develops from what?
Dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch
45
The utricle detects what kind of accelerations
Centrifugal and vertical accelerations
46
The cochlea (within the bony labyrinth) has a tube that is coiled around a cone-shaped central body structure called the _______. the cochlea wraps around this __ - __ times.
Modiolus
| 2.5-2.75
47
External acoustic canal develops from?
First pharyngeal groove
48
Hair-like projections from the spiral organ within the inner ear are sensitive to what?
Amplitude and frequency of sound waves that enter to cochlea
49
What is the sensory supply to the middle ear?
Tympanic nerve of CN 9
50
What does the semicircular canal contain?
Anterior/superior, lateral and posterior semicircular canals contain the semicircular ducts
51
The scala ____ and scala ____ communicate with each other at the apex through a channel called the ______
Scala tympani and vestibuli
| Helicotrema
52
What will the auditory vesicle give rise to?
Most of the membranous inner ear
53
What makes up the cochlear labyrinth?
Cochlear duct
54
What is the blood supply to the labyrinth?
Internal auditor artery (branch of basilar A)
| Style Astrid artery (branch of posterior auricular A)
55
Motor supply to the ear is given by what?
Temporal and posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve
56
Sound waves cause the _____ ____ to vibrate. The ossicles of the middle ear, _____, _____, ____, transmit vibrations. This amplifies the vibrat ions by ___ times.
Tympanic membrane
Malleus, incus, stapes
1.2
57
Nerve supply to the labyrinth?
Sympathetics from cavernous and internal carotid plexuses
Cochlear nerve
Vestibular nerve
58
After the vibrations are transmitted to the basilar membrane and stimulate the receptors in the spiral organ this information is transmitted to the ____ _____
Cochlear N
59
The sense organs of the semicircular ducts, crista, are located within the _____ of each duct.
Ampulla
60
The auricle is a horn-like structure the serves to funnel ____ ___ into ____ ___ _____.
Sound waves
| External acoustic meatus
61
What are the 6 intrinsic muscles of the ear?
```
Helicis major/minor
Tragicus
Antitragicus
Transverse muscle of the auricle
Oblique muscle of the auricle
```
62
The tympanic membrane forms what boundary of the middle ear?
The lateral or membranous wall
63
The spiral ligament anchors what?
The cochlear duct to the outer wall of the cochlea
64
What is the roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear made of?
Patrons part of the temporal bone
65
Mucus membranes of the middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid area are supplied by what plexus that also have branches that cover the promontory
Internal carotid plexus
66
What are the sense organs within the utricle and saccule called?
Maculae
67
What 3 branches give blood supply to the external acoustic meatus?
Posterior, anterior auricular and auricular branches
68
The stapes attaches to the _____ _____ on the _______/_______ wall
Oval window on the labyrinthine/medial wall
69
Vestibular nerve is made from axons from the ____ ____. the axons are carried to the ____ ____ ___ of the medulla oblongata. Information is processed in the ______
Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular nuclear complex
Cerebellum
70
What invaginates to give rise to the auditory pit and vesicle?
Placode
71
The hair cells of the spiral organ are covered by the ______ ______
Tectorial membrane
72
What detects centrifugal and vertical accelerations?
Utricle
73
What are the two parts to the inner ear/labyrinth?
Bony and membranous
74
The cochlear duct is in the middle of the bony labyrinth with the ____ ____ above and ____ _____ and is filled with ______
Scala vestibuli above, tympani below
| Endolymph
75
What to the caroticotympanic nerves supply and carry?
Sympathetic to middle ear
| Carry vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from superior cervical ganglion by way of internal carotid plexus
76
Where is the middle ear located?
Space between tympanic membrane and the inner ear
77
What are the 3 parts of the bony labyrinth?
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
78
The stapes is derived from?
Dorsal end of second pharyngeal arch
79
What is the sequence of the three bones in the middle ear?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
80
The saccule communicates with?
Cochlear duct
81
What bone in the middle ear transmits vibration from the malleus to the stapes?
Incus
82
The inferior branch carries information from the _____ ____ ____ and _____ and contains _____ fibers
Posterior semicircular duct and saccule
| 8000 fibers
83
What are the two parts of the middle ear?
Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess
84
What does the dorsal end of the second pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Stapes
85
The semicircular ducts are sensitive to _______ in any direction. But particularly sensitive to _______ ______
Acceleration
| Rotational accelerations
86
A thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear. A small opening in this bone serves as the entrance for the _____ _____ of the ______ nerve
Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
87
What wall of the middle ear is incomplete?
The posterior/mastoid wall
88
The scala vestibuli is _______ the cochlear duct and filled with _____. The oval window forms its _____ so vibrations are transmitted into the scala vestibuli as the stapes vibrates
Above
Perilymph
Base
89
The _____ of the _______ connects the cochlea to the modiolus
Lamina of the modiolus
90
What are the sense organs within the semicircular ducts called?
Crista
91
What is the motor supply to the middle ear?
N. To the stapedius of the facial N (supply stapedius)
| Medial pterygoid nerve (mandibular, trigeminal) supply tensor tympani
92
What does the stapes sit against?
Oval window
93
What is the function of the auricle?
Funnel sound waves into the external acoustic meatus
94
Impulses initiated by the crista in the semicircular ducts are carried by neurons with cell bodies located in the ____ ____. The dendrites carrying information to the _____ _____ are collected in two branches: ______ and ______ branches
Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular ganglion
Superior and inferior branch
95
The saccule detects what kinds of accelerations
Accelerations
96
The tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess make up what portion of the ear?
Middle ear
97
What does the incus bone do?
Transmits vibration from the malleus to the incus
98
The cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals make up what structure?
Bony labyrinth
99
What detects linear accelerations?
Saccule
100
What are the blood supplies to the middle ear?
Anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary A
| Tympanic branch of the internal carotid
101
The vestibular labyrinth consists of 2 sacs, the ____ and ____ and 3 semicircular ducts. ______ is contained within all these
Utricle and saccule
| Endolymph
102
What is the largest bone located within the tympanic cavity?
Malleus-contacts the tympanic membrane
103
What openings are in the carotid wall?
Pharyngotympanic tube
Opening that tensor tympani passes through
The chorda tympani exits
104
What’s another name for the inner ear?
Labyrinth
105
______ float in the endolymph of the utricle and saccule. Movements of the head cause the _____ to deflect ______, eliciting ______
Otoliths
Otoliths deflect maculae
Elicit impulses
106
The stapedius and tensor tympani muscles are found where?
Tympanic cavity (part of the middle ear)
107
What is the smallest auricular placing muscle?
Anterior
108
What forms the lateral/membranous wall of the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane
| There is a bony part adjacent to the tympanic membrane
109
What nerve supplies the tensor tympani muscle>
Medial pterygoid N of mandibular, trigeminal
110
Medial 2/3 of the external acoustic meatus is within the _____ bone
Temporal
111
What three bones are found within the middle ear?
Incus, malleus and stapes
112
Length and shape of the external acoustic meatus
1 inch, S shape
113
The labyrinthine or medial wall is the boundary between the ____ ____ and the ____ _____
Middle ear and inner ear
114
The spiral organ is located on the _____ of the _____ ___ and is attached to the _____/______ _____
Floor of the cochlear duct
| Basilar/spiral membrane
115
The posterior or mastoid wall is ________. The _____ of the ____ ____ is an opening between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells
Incomplete
| Aditus of the mastoid antrum
116
The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by _____
Perilymph
117
What openings are located within the posterior/mastoid wall?
Aditus of mastoid antrum
Pyramidal eminence (tendon of stapedius through)
Chorda tympani
118
The superior branch is _______ and carries information from the _____ and _____ ____ ____ and ______. Also some from the _____ (_______ Nerve)
Larger
Superior and lateral semicircular duct and the utricle
Saccule (voits nerve)
119
What does the external ear consist of?
Auricle and external acoustic meatus
120
The auricle and external acoustic meatus make up what portion of the ear?
External ear
121
The auriculotemporal (mandibular, trigeminal), auricular (vagus), and greater auricular N (C2/C3) have what supply to the ear?
Sensory
122
The caroticotympanic nerves carry ____ and ______ fibers from the _____ _____ ganglion by way of the ___ _____ ______
Vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
Internal carotid plexus
123
How can you move the lobule to see the entire external acoustic meatus with an otoscope?
Down, out and forward
124
Within the membranous labyrinth, there are two other labyrinths?
Cochlear and vestibular labyrinths
125
What is the name of the embryology all thickening on the lateral head?
Placode
126
Where does the external acoustic meatus terminate?
Tympanic membrane
127
Opening for the pharyngotympanic tube, tensor tympani passes through and chorda tympani exits through openings on what wall?
Carotid wall (separates cavity from internal carotid artery)
128
The cochlear duct is anchored to the outer wall of the cochlea by the _____ _____
Spiral ligament
129
What does interstitial mesoderm give rise to?
Tympanic membrane
130
Sound waves enter the ___ ___ ____ causing the ____ ____ to vibrate
External acoustic meatus
| Tympanic membrane
131
What is the largest auricular placing muscle?
Superior
132
_____, are sense organs within the utricle and saccule and are bathed in _____
Maculae
| Endolymph
133
The ______ labyrinth is an _____ for the membranous labyrinth
Bony
| Enclosure
134
The anterior tympanic branch (internal maxillary A)and tympanic branch (internal carotid A) supply what?
The middle ear
135
The utricle is _____ than the saccule and communicates with the ______ ____ and the saccule by way of the ______ _____
Bigger
Semicircular ducts
Utricosaccular duct
136
What are supplied by the internal carotid plexus
Mucus membranes of the middle ear, mastoid area and pharyngotympanic tube
137
The utricle and saccule make up what structure within the bony labyrinth?
Vestibule
138
The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by ______ and within it there is ________
Perilymph
| Endolymph
139
The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to what?
Auditory tube and tympanic cavity
140
What 3 extrinsic muscles position the auricle?
Anterior, superior and posterior auricular muscle
141
The oval window attaches to what?
The stapes
142
What is the sympathetic supply to the middle ear?
Caroticotympanic nerves
143
What nerve supplies the stapedius muscle of the middle ear
N to stapedius of facial N
144
Ear consists of ____, _____, _____ portions
External, middle inner
