Ear Flashcards
After vibrations are transmitted through the scala vestibuli, then tympani to the oval window, the resulting vibrations are transmitted through the _____ that causes the ____ ___ to vibrate which stimulates the receptors in the ___ ______
Perilymph
Basilar membrane
Spiral organ
What does the dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage give rise to?
Malleus
The lateral semicircular canal forms a small impression on this wall
Medial/labyrinthine wall
Sensory nerve supply to the ear is from what?
Auriculotemporal N (of mandibular division, trigeminal)
Auricular branch of vagus
Greater auricular N (C2/C3)
What is wrapped around the modiolus?
A central tube from the bony part of the cochlea
The anterior auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch from what?
Superficial temporal artery
What does the tectorial membrane cover?
Hair cells of the spiral organ of the inner ear
What it’s the pyramidal eminence?
Opening within the mastoid/posterior wall that the tendon of the stapedius muscle passes through
Auricle develops from?
Groove next to first pharyngeal groove
The ______, an impression made by the cochlea that is covered by the _______ _____ which is formed by the branch of CN ____ and branches of the ___ _____ _____
Promontory
Tympanic plexus
CN 9 and branches of the internal carotid plexus
What are the auditory tube and tympanic cavity derived from?
First pharyngeal pouch
The scala tympani is ______ the cochlear duct. Vibrations that are transmitted through the scala vestibuli pass to the scala tympani via the helicotrema. The base of the scala tympani is the ____ _____
Below
Oval window
What forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear?
A thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein
The placode ________ giving rise to the ____ ____ then ____ _____
Invaginates
Auditory pit
Auditory vesicle
The posterior auricular muscle inserts on the _____, ______ aspect of the _______
Lower, posterior
Concha
The tympanic membrane develops from?
Interstitial mesoderm
The _____ of the cochlea, the _____ _____, is directed _______
Apex
Cochlear cupula
Anteriolaterally
The cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli by the ____ ____ and from the scala tympani by the _____/_____ ______
Vestibular membrane
Basilar/spiral membrane
What does the first pharyngeal groove give rise to?
External acoustic canal
Temporal and posterior auricular branches give what supply to the ear?
Motor
The foot of the _____ articulates with the oval window, which forms the base of the scala vestibuli. The ___ ____ is smaller than the ____ ______ and this causes the vibrations to be amplified another ____ times
Stapes
Oval window
Tympanic membrane
17
What are the parts of the the vestibular labyrinth (membranous labyrinth)
Utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts, utricosaccular duct, endolymph duct and sac and ductur reuiens
The dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch gives rise to what?
Incus
What does the carotid wall separate?
The cavity from the internal carotid artery
What does the cochlea contain?
Cochlear duct
What does the vestibule contain?
Utricle and saccule
The superior auricular muscle inserts on the ______ side of the _____
Superior
Auricle
What does the petrous part of the temporal bone form
The roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear
The spiral organ has numerous hair-like projections that project ______ from the _____/______ membrane and are sensitive to _____ and _____ of sound waves that enter the cochlea
Superiorward
Basilar/spiral
Amplitude and frequency
The incus, malleus and stapes are found within what portion of the ear?
Middle ear
The cochlear nerve is composed of axons from cells in the _____ ____. Information is relayed through the _____ _____ to the ____ ____ and ____ ___ in the medulla oblongata. then carried to the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ and _____ ___ ___ then to the ____lobe, and broadmann areas ___ and ____
Spiral ganglion Cochlear nuclei Superior Olivary and trapezoid nuclei Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculi and medial geniculate bodies Temporal lobe and areas 41 and 42
What is the name of the opening between the mastoid air cells and the tympanic cavity within the mastoid/posterior wall
Aditus of mastoid antrum
The external acoustic meatus is covered by skin the entire length, therefore there are _____ _____ _____ that produce cerumen
Modified sweat glands
What two muscles are located in the tympanic cavity?
Stapedius and tensor tympani
After the vibrations reach the ossicles of the middle ear, they are transmitted through the ______ of the ____ ____ then the ___ ___ finally reaching the ___ ____
Perilymph
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Round window
The posterior auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch of what?
External carotid A
What is the auricle composed of?
Cartilage
The _____ _______ is the opening that the tendon of the ______ muscles passes through within the mastoid/posterior wall
Pyramidal eminence
Stapedius
The malleus is derived from what?
Dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage
Information will be conveyed from receptor cells of the spiral organ to ____ ____ ____. The cell bodies for these neurons are located in the ____ ____
Primary sensory neurons
Spiral ganglion
The cochlea is made up of 3 channels:
Cochlear duct, scala vestibuli, scala tympani
The auricular branch that supplies the EAM is a branch of what?
Occipital artery
Anterior auricular muscle inserts on the ______ of the _____
Front of the helix
The incus develops from what?
Dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch
The utricle detects what kind of accelerations
Centrifugal and vertical accelerations
The cochlea (within the bony labyrinth) has a tube that is coiled around a cone-shaped central body structure called the _______. the cochlea wraps around this __ - __ times.
Modiolus
2.5-2.75
External acoustic canal develops from?
First pharyngeal groove
Hair-like projections from the spiral organ within the inner ear are sensitive to what?
Amplitude and frequency of sound waves that enter to cochlea
What is the sensory supply to the middle ear?
Tympanic nerve of CN 9
What does the semicircular canal contain?
Anterior/superior, lateral and posterior semicircular canals contain the semicircular ducts
The scala ____ and scala ____ communicate with each other at the apex through a channel called the ______
Scala tympani and vestibuli
Helicotrema
What will the auditory vesicle give rise to?
Most of the membranous inner ear
What makes up the cochlear labyrinth?
Cochlear duct
What is the blood supply to the labyrinth?
Internal auditor artery (branch of basilar A)
Style Astrid artery (branch of posterior auricular A)
Motor supply to the ear is given by what?
Temporal and posterior auricular branches of the facial nerve
Sound waves cause the _____ ____ to vibrate. The ossicles of the middle ear, _____, _____, ____, transmit vibrations. This amplifies the vibrat ions by ___ times.
Tympanic membrane
Malleus, incus, stapes
1.2
Nerve supply to the labyrinth?
Sympathetics from cavernous and internal carotid plexuses
Cochlear nerve
Vestibular nerve
After the vibrations are transmitted to the basilar membrane and stimulate the receptors in the spiral organ this information is transmitted to the ____ _____
Cochlear N
The sense organs of the semicircular ducts, crista, are located within the _____ of each duct.
Ampulla
The auricle is a horn-like structure the serves to funnel ____ ___ into ____ ___ _____.
Sound waves
External acoustic meatus
What are the 6 intrinsic muscles of the ear?
Helicis major/minor Tragicus Antitragicus Transverse muscle of the auricle Oblique muscle of the auricle
The tympanic membrane forms what boundary of the middle ear?
The lateral or membranous wall
The spiral ligament anchors what?
The cochlear duct to the outer wall of the cochlea
What is the roof/tegmental wall of the middle ear made of?
Patrons part of the temporal bone
Mucus membranes of the middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube and mastoid area are supplied by what plexus that also have branches that cover the promontory
Internal carotid plexus
What are the sense organs within the utricle and saccule called?
Maculae
What 3 branches give blood supply to the external acoustic meatus?
Posterior, anterior auricular and auricular branches
The stapes attaches to the _____ _____ on the _______/_______ wall
Oval window on the labyrinthine/medial wall
Vestibular nerve is made from axons from the ____ ____. the axons are carried to the ____ ____ ___ of the medulla oblongata. Information is processed in the ______
Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular nuclear complex
Cerebellum
What invaginates to give rise to the auditory pit and vesicle?
Placode
The hair cells of the spiral organ are covered by the ______ ______
Tectorial membrane
What detects centrifugal and vertical accelerations?
Utricle
What are the two parts to the inner ear/labyrinth?
Bony and membranous
The cochlear duct is in the middle of the bony labyrinth with the ____ ____ above and ____ _____ and is filled with ______
Scala vestibuli above, tympani below
Endolymph
What to the caroticotympanic nerves supply and carry?
Sympathetic to middle ear
Carry vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from superior cervical ganglion by way of internal carotid plexus
Where is the middle ear located?
Space between tympanic membrane and the inner ear
What are the 3 parts of the bony labyrinth?
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canals
The stapes is derived from?
Dorsal end of second pharyngeal arch
What is the sequence of the three bones in the middle ear?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
The saccule communicates with?
Cochlear duct
What bone in the middle ear transmits vibration from the malleus to the stapes?
Incus
The inferior branch carries information from the _____ ____ ____ and _____ and contains _____ fibers
Posterior semicircular duct and saccule
8000 fibers
What are the two parts of the middle ear?
Tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess
What does the dorsal end of the second pharyngeal pouch give rise to?
Stapes
The semicircular ducts are sensitive to _______ in any direction. But particularly sensitive to _______ ______
Acceleration
Rotational accelerations
A thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein forms the floor/jugular wall of the middle ear. A small opening in this bone serves as the entrance for the _____ _____ of the ______ nerve
Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
What wall of the middle ear is incomplete?
The posterior/mastoid wall
The scala vestibuli is _______ the cochlear duct and filled with _____. The oval window forms its _____ so vibrations are transmitted into the scala vestibuli as the stapes vibrates
Above
Perilymph
Base
The _____ of the _______ connects the cochlea to the modiolus
Lamina of the modiolus
What are the sense organs within the semicircular ducts called?
Crista
What is the motor supply to the middle ear?
N. To the stapedius of the facial N (supply stapedius)
Medial pterygoid nerve (mandibular, trigeminal) supply tensor tympani
What does the stapes sit against?
Oval window
What is the function of the auricle?
Funnel sound waves into the external acoustic meatus
Impulses initiated by the crista in the semicircular ducts are carried by neurons with cell bodies located in the ____ ____. The dendrites carrying information to the _____ _____ are collected in two branches: ______ and ______ branches
Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular ganglion
Superior and inferior branch
The saccule detects what kinds of accelerations
Accelerations
The tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess make up what portion of the ear?
Middle ear
What does the incus bone do?
Transmits vibration from the malleus to the incus
The cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals make up what structure?
Bony labyrinth
What detects linear accelerations?
Saccule
What are the blood supplies to the middle ear?
Anterior tympanic branch of the internal maxillary A
Tympanic branch of the internal carotid
The vestibular labyrinth consists of 2 sacs, the ____ and ____ and 3 semicircular ducts. ______ is contained within all these
Utricle and saccule
Endolymph
What is the largest bone located within the tympanic cavity?
Malleus-contacts the tympanic membrane
What openings are in the carotid wall?
Pharyngotympanic tube
Opening that tensor tympani passes through
The chorda tympani exits
What’s another name for the inner ear?
Labyrinth
______ float in the endolymph of the utricle and saccule. Movements of the head cause the _____ to deflect ______, eliciting ______
Otoliths
Otoliths deflect maculae
Elicit impulses
The stapedius and tensor tympani muscles are found where?
Tympanic cavity (part of the middle ear)
What is the smallest auricular placing muscle?
Anterior
What forms the lateral/membranous wall of the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane
There is a bony part adjacent to the tympanic membrane
What nerve supplies the tensor tympani muscle>
Medial pterygoid N of mandibular, trigeminal
Medial 2/3 of the external acoustic meatus is within the _____ bone
Temporal
What three bones are found within the middle ear?
Incus, malleus and stapes
Length and shape of the external acoustic meatus
1 inch, S shape
The labyrinthine or medial wall is the boundary between the ____ ____ and the ____ _____
Middle ear and inner ear
The spiral organ is located on the _____ of the _____ ___ and is attached to the _____/______ _____
Floor of the cochlear duct
Basilar/spiral membrane
The posterior or mastoid wall is ________. The _____ of the ____ ____ is an opening between the tympanic cavity and the mastoid air cells
Incomplete
Aditus of the mastoid antrum
The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by _____
Perilymph
What openings are located within the posterior/mastoid wall?
Aditus of mastoid antrum
Pyramidal eminence (tendon of stapedius through)
Chorda tympani
The superior branch is _______ and carries information from the _____ and _____ ____ ____ and ______. Also some from the _____ (_______ Nerve)
Larger
Superior and lateral semicircular duct and the utricle
Saccule (voits nerve)
What does the external ear consist of?
Auricle and external acoustic meatus
The auricle and external acoustic meatus make up what portion of the ear?
External ear
The auriculotemporal (mandibular, trigeminal), auricular (vagus), and greater auricular N (C2/C3) have what supply to the ear?
Sensory
The caroticotympanic nerves carry ____ and ______ fibers from the _____ _____ ganglion by way of the ___ _____ ______
Vasomotor and secretomotor fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
Internal carotid plexus
How can you move the lobule to see the entire external acoustic meatus with an otoscope?
Down, out and forward
Within the membranous labyrinth, there are two other labyrinths?
Cochlear and vestibular labyrinths
What is the name of the embryology all thickening on the lateral head?
Placode
Where does the external acoustic meatus terminate?
Tympanic membrane
Opening for the pharyngotympanic tube, tensor tympani passes through and chorda tympani exits through openings on what wall?
Carotid wall (separates cavity from internal carotid artery)
The cochlear duct is anchored to the outer wall of the cochlea by the _____ _____
Spiral ligament
What does interstitial mesoderm give rise to?
Tympanic membrane
Sound waves enter the ___ ___ ____ causing the ____ ____ to vibrate
External acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane
What is the largest auricular placing muscle?
Superior
_____, are sense organs within the utricle and saccule and are bathed in _____
Maculae
Endolymph
The ______ labyrinth is an _____ for the membranous labyrinth
Bony
Enclosure
The anterior tympanic branch (internal maxillary A)and tympanic branch (internal carotid A) supply what?
The middle ear
The utricle is _____ than the saccule and communicates with the ______ ____ and the saccule by way of the ______ _____
Bigger
Semicircular ducts
Utricosaccular duct
What are supplied by the internal carotid plexus
Mucus membranes of the middle ear, mastoid area and pharyngotympanic tube
The utricle and saccule make up what structure within the bony labyrinth?
Vestibule
The membranous labyrinth is surrounded by ______ and within it there is ________
Perilymph
Endolymph
The first pharyngeal pouch gives rise to what?
Auditory tube and tympanic cavity
What 3 extrinsic muscles position the auricle?
Anterior, superior and posterior auricular muscle
The oval window attaches to what?
The stapes
What is the sympathetic supply to the middle ear?
Caroticotympanic nerves
What nerve supplies the stapedius muscle of the middle ear
N to stapedius of facial N
Ear consists of ____, _____, _____ portions
External, middle inner
