Symbols and Maths necessary to know

Question 1

What is the symbol for narrow sense heritability?

Answer 1

h2

Question 2

What is the symbol for the rate of mutant substituation per year during evolution?

Answer 2

k

Question 3

What is the symbol for the allele frequences for a di-allelic locus?

Answer 3

p, q

Question 4

What is the symbol for allelic frequencies in generations 0 and t?

Answer 4

p0, pt

Question 5

What is the symbol for equilibrium allele frequencies

Answer 5

pat (hat), q (hat)

Question 6

What is the symbol for the response to selection

Answer 6

R

Question 7

What is the equation for Response to selection (R)

Answer 7

narrow sense heritability (h2) x selective differential (s)

Question 8

What is the symbol for selection coefficient

Answer 8

s, si

Question 9

What is the symbol for selection differential

Answer 9

s

Question 10

What is the symbol for the additive component of genetic variance

Answer 10

VA

Question 11

What is the symbol for the dominance component of genetic variance

Answer 11

VD

Question 12

What is the symbol for the environmental component of phenotypic variance

Answer 12

VE

Question 13

What is the symbol for genetic component of phenotypic variance

Answer 13

VG

Question 14

What is the symbol for epistatic component of genetic variance

Answer 14

VI

Question 15

What is the symbol for the total phenotypic variance

Answer 15

VP

Question 16

What is the symbol for the relative fitness of the ith genotype (usually relative to the fittest genotype)

Answer 16

Wi

Question 17

What is the symbol for the mean fitness

Answer 17

w bar

Question 18

What is the symbol for the change in the allele frequency between generations

Answer 18

Δq

Question 19

What is the symbol for the forward mutation rate per generation

Answer 19

µ

Question 20

What is the symbol for backward mutation rate per generation

Answer 20

ν

Question 21

What are the Hardy - Weinberg expected genotype frequencies?

Answer 21

p2 : 2pq : q2

Question 22

What is the breeders’ equation from selection experiments?

Answer 22

breeders’ equation: R = h2s

Question 23

What is the equilibrium allele frequency under heterozygote advantage?

Answer 23

q = s/(s+t) where s and t are the selection coefficients for the two homozygotes

Question 24

What different selection models are present when worling out the fitness of a genotype?

Answer 24

directional, frequency dependent, heterozygote advantage

Question 25

What is the equilibrium freuqnces for very rare disadvantageous alleles when they are dominant?

Answer 25

q = μ/s (dominant)

Question 26

What is the equilibrium freuqnces for very rare disadvantageous alleles when they are recessive?

Answer 26

q = √(μ/s) (recessive).