Symbioses

Question 1

Coral symbiosis with

Answer 1

zooxanthellae (algae)

Question 2

Vibrio fischeri and Euprymna scolopes

Answer 2

mutualistic association; the bacteria are bioluminescent because they have a set of genes (the lux operon) which encodes luciferase

Question 3

Where does V. fischeri colonise?

Answer 3

light organ via appendages.

Question 4

Describe autoinducers in V. fischeri

Answer 4

activate the production of luciferase and they light up. This form of bacterial cell-to-cell communication is called quorum sensing.

Question 5

Describe the mutualism of V. fischeri

Answer 5

The squid provide the bacteria with nutrients and a stable, predictable environment and in return, the bacteria help to camouflage the squid - make the squid glow from underneath with their blue light; counter illumination.

Question 6

Baculoviruses

Answer 6

• infect insects
• baculovirus occlusion bodies, occlusion derived virus (ODV) infect cells in the insect gut. T
• replicates by budding from cell to cell; makes the infected insect move to the top of the plant towards the light
• produce an enzyme called chitinase which dissolves the insect tissues and turns the caterpillar into a pool of mush
• when it rains, occlusion bodies are washed on to the leaves below ready to infect a new host.

Question 7

bioremediation

Answer 7

plastic break down??