SYLLABUS 2 CAFS Flashcards
What is the core?
Groups in Context
Category A groups
- people wth disabilities
- youth
Category B groups
- aged
- homeless
Define people with disabilities
An individual with a physical or mental condition which limits their movements, activities and/or abilities
How do people have disabilities?
- some people are born with it (down syndrome)
- some people are diagnosed with an unknown disability later on in life (dyslexia)
- some people gain disabilities later on in life (physical disabilities)
how many people in Australia live with an ongoing disability
around 4 million
What does PIPS stand for?
- Physical e.g. stroke
- Intellectual e.g. down syndrome
- Psychological e.g. depression
- Sensory e.g. visually impaired
define youth
Some between the ages of 15-24 years old
characteristics of youth
- Period of life between childhood and adulthood
- Work part time
- Period of change
youth face a wide range of challenges including
mental health issues, substance abuse, and social
isolation.
define aged
Anybody over the age of 65 is considered a senior citizen
generalisations of the aged
- pension
- Retired
characteristics of the aged
- deteriorating health
- Live in aged care
- Retired
seniors are entitled to
senior citizen discounts
define homelessness
an individual who has left home and typically lives on the streets
being homeless is not being
houseless - there can be shelter - not permeant
three types of homelessness
primary - living on the street
secondary - living in refuges
tertiary - living in inadequate housing
homelessness can be caused by
- poverty - unable to afford housing
- family breakdown makes home unsafe e.g. domestic violence
- drug abuse and mental illness are common
- mental and physical health
A person is homeless if
he/she has inadequate access to safe and secure housing.
Australian Bureau of Statistics organises homelessness into six operational groups:
o Persons living in improvised dwellings, tents, or sleeping out.
o Persons in supported accommodation for the homeless.
o Persons staying temporarily with other households.
o Persons living in boarding houses.
o Persons in other temporary lodging.
o Persons living in ‘severely’ crowded dwellings.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people may feel
feel ‘spiritual homelessness’. Described as separation
from traditional land, family and kinship groups.
Key Focus 1:
Specific groups within the community
Key Focus 2:
Exploring the four specific groups within the community
Module Focus 1 (PIT)
- prevalence within the community
- terminology used by the community
- individual diversity
Key Focus 3:
Issues of concern for the four specific groups within the community
Module Focus 2:
Satisfaction of needs
Module Focus 3:
Access to services
Key Focus 4:
Creating positive social environments
Module Focus 4:
Addressing the group’s issues of concern
Module 5:
Positive influences on community attitudes
you are more likely to have a disability the …
older you are
Disability: According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, there are over
4 million people living with a disability, making up around 18% of the population
Disabilities can be
be physical, intellectual, psychological, sensory or a combination of these. (PIPS)
Of those with a disability, approximately
approximately 2 million have a severe or profound core activity limitation.
The prevalence of disability increases with
age, with 1 in 8 people aged 65 and over having a severe or
profound disability
The most common types of disability in Australia are
physical disabilities, followed by sensory and
intellectual disabilities.
Youth: Due to ageing population and falling birth rates it is anticipated that the
proportion of youth in Australia will continue to decrease.
Around what percentage of Australians are youth?
20%
20% of youth is equivalent to
4.2 million
Percentage of homeless youth
1%
Youth experiences a higher rate of
Mental illness than any group in society
Aged: Australia has an
Ageing population
Australia has an ageing population due to the
Baby boom post WWII
In 2014, what was the percentage of the population over 65
15%
Aged: Life expectancy is
increasing
Aged: There are less kids are being
being born, which is going to place a massive financial strain on our economy as the number of people in the workforce is substantially less.
The aged population is a
burden on society as they utilise the greatest amount of health services which places considerable pressure on our healthcare system.
what percentage of the population is homeless?
0.5% (ABS)
homeless: NSW has the
highest number of homeless people and has gone up 20% since 2006
Homeless: Unknown how many people are
homeless as this is not a characteristic included in the national census.
homeless : A higher number of
of males are homeless.
Females who were homeless reported a higher incidence of
domestic family violence.
It is estimated that a
a quarter of the homeless population are believed to be 18 years old or younger
Some factors that can lead to homelessness include.
o Economic disadvantage.
o Unemployment.
o Mental health problems.
o Addiction to drugs, alcohol or gambling.
terminology has …
changed a lot over the years
Positive terminology can
- contribute to positive self esteem
- Empowers to achieve
- Feel accepted in the community
Negative terminology can
- be bad for mental health
- Create a negative self perception
- cause marginalisation
Attitudes towards people with disabilities have
have improved. Increased awareness of needs of people with disabilities.
People with Disability Australia (2014) states that
that language shapes the way we view the world and
that our words influence community attitudes positively or negatively.
Disability: Derogatory and insensitive terms such as
terms (retard / spastic) or (suffering from, afflicted by, or victim of) adversely impact on a person’s wellbeing and reinforce negative stereotypes.
people with disabilities are …
particularly vulnerable to negative terminology
derogatory words can have …
serious social repercussions
derogatory words impacts …
self-esteem
derogatory words can …
isolate a individual from the rest of the community
Disability: the term idiot used to refer to …
an individual with an IQ less than 30, this term would now be offensive to an individual with a disability as they cannot help this
Disability: Terminology: in recent years …
society has become a lot better in the way in which they discuss these individuals, focusing on ability rather than disability, treating them as equals
Disability: Terminology: there has been a shift to more
positive terminology to prevent marginalisation of people with disabilities
Disability: Positive terminology
- People with a disability (reflects the importance of person before their disability)
- Learning disability, physical disability (words that relate to the actual disability)
Disability: Negative Terminology
- Disabled person (implies that their disability is their only quality)
- Retard, handicapped, spastic (often used as slurs and can be derogatory)
There are a number of terms used to describe youths in Australia including:
o Young people
o Teenagers, teens
o Adolescents
o Millennials
o Gen Y and Z
Positive terminology
Reinforces good behaviour
Youth: Negative terminology
Is usually perpetrated by youth towards one another through bullying
e.g. Immature, delinquents, entitled, lazy, disrespectful, rebellious, irresponsible.
Rebellious, Irresponsible Youth use extensive vocabulary to define other youth. E.g.
eshay, indies , emos and lads. Often vary in regions.
Aged: it is traditional to
Respect your elders
Aged: Calling someone an
Elder is positive as it is considered wise in cultural respect
Aged: Terminology includes
- elder
- Senior
- Codger
- Fogey
Aged: codger and fogy is
No longer acceptable
Aged: Society does not want to
Look like they’ve aged and will not accept to look their age
Aged: positive terminology
Wise, Knowledgeable, Experienced, Active,
Mature
Aged: negative terminology
Delicate, Frail, Senile, Conservative/Traditional,
a burden, Senile
Homeless are faced with
social exclusion
the homeless are
ignored by society
Homeless: negative terminology
- tramp
- vagrant
- beggar
- squatter
- destitute
this does not show the common humanity of the homeless
homeless: negative perception includes
- mentally ill
- begging
- scruffy
- unemployed
a lot of homeless people do not fit these boundaries
homeless people can be
- resourceful
- strong
- self-reliant
- resilient
Homeless: Australians have a negative
stereotypical view of homelessness.
Many would describe a homeless person as:
o A single male
o Sleeps on the street.
o Suffers from mental illness.
o Dependent on drugs or alcohol
o Unwashed.
Homeless: group is seen as
unfortunate, the latter as a burden to society.
The disability community in Australia is incredibly
incredibly diverse, encompassing a broad range of disabilities, including physical, intellectual, psychological, sensory or a combination of these. (PIPS)
Disabilities can affect individuals at any
age, from children to the elderly.
Disabilities can also vary greatly in severity, with some individuals experiencing
mild impairments and others experiencing significant disabilities that impact their ability to perform daily tasks.
There is also diversity within the disability community in terms of
culture, ethnicity, gender, sexuality,
and socio-economic status.
each individual disability is ….
different
each individual experience of a disability is …
different
disabilities have to be …
treated differently
e.g. a fully blind individual may require a guide dog while a partially blind individual may just need a walking stick
different types of disabilities include
- physical
- intellectual
- sensory
- psychological
Disability: some people will require
fulltime assistance, while others may only require part-time support or can support themselves
a person with cerebral palsy has a disability that
varies greatly from a person with hearing impairment, however they share the common characteristic of having some form of disability
people with disabilities can
come from all ages, genders, cultures, and backgrounds
Disability: 2 in 5 people with a disability are
65+
some people have disabilities from when they are
born or they could arise later in life as a resut of an accident or trauma
Youth: Individuals in this group are attending
school, TAFE, university, undertaking other training, or beginning a career through and entry level job.
Some youth have had their own
children and are involved in family life.
1 in 5 Australian young people were born
overseas with the same statistic speaking a language other than English at home.
Just because the youth community is between the ages 15-24, this does not mean that the group
lacks age diversity
a person who is 15 and a person who is 24 are
at quite different stages of their life
youth obviously also come from various
backgrounds and socioeconomic status, and vary in terms of their participation in education or the workplace
Aged: the difference between a
65 year old and an 95 year old determines the characteristics of the individual
Aged: Diversity can depend on
- age (massive difference between health status of a 65 and a 95 year old senior citizen)
- Health
- Gender (females live longer than males)
- Social position
- socioeconomic status (high proportion of retirees rely on government assistance)
Aged: There is a lot of diversity
In the appearance and capabilities in the aged community
Aged person’s health is
poorer than the rest of population.
Homeless people come from all
walks of life
Homesless: Vary in
age, cultural background, socioeconomic level and health status.
May experience homelessness as an
individual or family
Homeless: Often excluded from participating in
community activities.
Homeless: Lack of employment or education can impact on an individual’s
health and wellbeing, in turn
impacting other areas of life.
Homeless: Often have poorer
poorer health, higher rates of substance abuse + mental illness.
Homeless: More likely to experience
violence and to be imprisoned. Often leads to repeating family patterns of disadvantage and exclusion.
what does SHESEA stand for
- safety and security
- health
- education
- sense of identity
- employment
- adequate standard of living (food,
clothing, shelter)
What is the most important need in SHESEA?
Ultimately, the prioritisation of the needs for each group is up to you, as long as you can justify it. One thing I’d recommend noting is that adequate standard of living is usually the number one priority need for most groups, as it encompasses some of the physiological needs like shelter and food, which are essentials for survival.
Health: people with disabilities experience…
varying health issues
Health: Disability: They may be less able to …
exercise and may experience further deterioration of condition if their health is not prioritised
Health: people with disabilities inherently possess…
health issues
Health: Physical disabilities often …
make people weaker and more susceptible to illness
Health: Some people with disabilities experience further
deterioration in their condition as part of the ageing process.
o E.g. motor neurone disease (the nerve cells controlling the muscles that allow us to move, speak, breathe and swallow, degenerate and die)
People with disabilities may suffer from mental health issues, such as
depression; important to recognise and treat appropriately.
Health: Mental disabilities include and can contribute to …
mental health issues such as depression
What percentage of people with disabilities say that their health is poor?
46% (2007 My Gov survey)
what is a major health issue for people with a disability?
obesity as 69% of people with a disability is overweight
Health: Having a disability makes it …
more difficult to remain healthy
Health: People with disabilities need access to …
support services for assistance, getting around, physical therapy, and group sessions
What is the issue, health-related, to people with a disability
disabilities cause health problems
What is the need, health-related, for people with a disability?
access to free healthcare and medical support
Sense of Identity is a person’s
view of who they are.
Sense of identity comes from
involvement in work, family life and activities.
sense of identity: People with a disability has a difficulty in establishing
a renewed sense of identity in adulthood
sense of identity: people with a disability have a …
negative self-perception due to negative stigmas
sense of identity: It is important for people with disabilities to …
maintain a sense of identity for the benefit of their emotional wellbeing
sense of identity: disability: They may find a sense of identity in …
connecting with others who have similar conditions, which is also important for social wellbeing, particularly if they feel isolated from those in society who do not have a disability
in order to receive a positive self perception there needs to be …
societal change
example of societal change (positive self perception) in regards to people with a disability
paralympics
sense of identity: Disability: identity is a major issue for people who…
gain disabilities
sense of identity: disability may make…
some identity forming activities and pursuits difficult
sense of identity: disability: may need…
support services and counselling to overcome
sense of identity: disability: issue
discrimination in society causes negative self image
sense of identity: disability: need
access to counselling and support groups, social change
education is
vital
education: disability: Early intervention: programs can
enhance physical, intellectual and living skills.
education: disability: Early intervention educational programs can help
with development for people with disabilities
education: disability: some schools offer a …
support unit where learning caters for the individual needs of the person’s disability and can help them with life skills to prepare for adulthood with a disability.
education: a major issue for people with disabilities is …
lack of access to education
education: disability: schools do not possess the necessary …
equipment for people with disabilities
examples; ramps and extra assistance
education: schools for disabled children are …
rare and often expensive
education: disability: what makes these schools inaccessible?
distance and expense
education: disability: Carers need to be aware of
prognosis and management strategies.
Employment meets the needs of
adequate standard of living and sense of identity.
employment: People with disabilities may find it difficult to
secure permanent work due to nature of their disability,
their level of education and the attitudes of employers.
employment: disability: Specialised training and ongoing support is
often needed
employment: Disability: Specific employment structures: run by
support groups, E.g. The House with No Steps, whose motto is ‘Making the most of our abilities’.
employment: disability: the Government provides
subsidies to businesses that employ people with disabilities.
disability: Although employment is typically …
key to maintaining an adequate standard of living, some people with a disability may have difficulty securing employment or being able to work.
employment: disability: some programs do exist to …
support people with a disability in finding a job, allowing them to participate in society and gain a sense of identity
employment: disability: Government agencies can also provide …
financial support for those unable to join the workforce, meaning this need may not be of the highest priority for all
employment: disability: not all work places are …
disability friendly
employment: people with physical disabilities are…
limited as they cannot do physical jobs e.g. plumber
employment: disability: there is an assumptions that…
people with mental disabilities are less capable
another word for mental disability is …
cognitive impairment
employment: disability: some impairments are so severe that …
the individual cannot work
safety and security: disability: individuals may be
lonely and have fewer opportunities to interact socially with friends and neighbours.
safety and security: Applies to the
the physical, emotional and financial areas of an individual’s life.
safety and security: People with a disability may be …
vulnerable and could have their safety impacted by abuse from ignorant members of the community
safety and security: Disability: Some individuals may have …
support workers or live-in carers who assist with their safety to ensure they are not subject to injury, neglect, or discrimination
safety and security: having a disability can leave someone …
vulnerable to a crime
adequate standard of living: Socioeconomic status of a person with a disability may be
affected due to lower workforce participation
and opportunity rates.
adequate standard of living: Some disabilities affect choices in
food selection and preparation. E.g. may require specially processed food if they cannot digest or swallow safely.
options may be limited for those who cannot shop or prepare foods independently
adequate standard of living: disability: Clothing may need to be
modified to give a person with a disability more independence. E.g. Zips and buttons replaced with velcro or magnets.
adequate standard of living: disability: May live
independently or with family
adequate standard of living: disability: Sometimes modifications are made to
homes; e.g. installing a ramp, or putting in rails in a bathroom.
adequate standard of living: disability: Group housing may be available through
Family and Community Services, depending on the type of
disability an individual has.
adequate standard of living: This is a …
basic requirement which must be fulfilled before any other needs can be fulfilled
adequate standard of living: disability: A person with a disability will need to …
live in conditions which allow for both their survival and accommodation of their specific needs
adequate standard of living: disability: disabilities can impact …
- level of education
- which impacts level of qualification
- which impacts job capability (as well as limited workplace friendly environments and qualifications)
- which impacts income
- which impacts housing
- which impacts health
- which leads to higher expense
adequate standard of living: disability:
its up to the …
government to provide access to support services and adequate accomodation
youth
health:
Youth generally have …
health compared to other groups.
youth
health:
Young people are renowned
risk takers. E.g. sport and vehicle accidents, drugs, alcohol, sex.
youth
health:
Need to learn about how to access
GPs, family planning clinics and other parts of the health system.
Youth can apply for a Medicare card at 15 years of age.
youth
health:
Imperative that youth are aware of
safety with respect to drugs and alcohol use.
youth
health:
Most young people are…
relatively healthy, hence this being a lower-priority need
youth
health:
It is however, still crucial that youths
make healthy choices in their eating and social lives to maintain good health later in life
youth
health:
Percentage of youth with mental health issues
25%
depression and anxiety
youth
health:
1 in 16 young people experience
Depression
youth
health:
The biggest killer of youth is
Suicide
youth
health:
Why is mental illness so common among youth?
- transition period
- Stress
- Decisions
- School
- Study problems
