Sy06 Exam Braindumps 751-800 Flashcards
In which of the following scenarios is tokenization the best privacy technique to use?
A. Providing pseudo-anonymization for social media user accounts
B. Serving as a second factor for authentication requests
C. Enabling established customers to safely store credit card information
D. Masking personal information inside databases by segmenting data
C. Enabling established customers to safely store credit card information is the scenario where tokenization is the best privacy technique to use.
Here’s why:
Tokenization involves replacing sensitive data, such as credit card numbers, with a unique identifier (token) that has no exploitable value and can be used safely in place of the original data. The original sensitive data is stored securely in a tokenization system or vault. In scenario C, enabling established customers to safely store credit card information, tokenization provides a secure method to store and process credit card data without exposing the actual card numbers to the organization's systems or databases. Tokenization helps reduce the risk of data breaches because even if the tokenized data is intercepted, it cannot be used to derive the original credit card information without access to the tokenization system.
Let’s briefly consider the other options:
A. Providing pseudo-anonymization for social media user accounts typically involves anonymizing user data to protect identities but does not necessarily require tokenization. B. Serving as a second factor for authentication requests relates to multi-factor authentication (MFA) where token-based authentication methods are used for security, but it does not involve tokenization of sensitive data like credit card information. D. Masking personal information inside databases by segmenting data refers to data masking techniques to protect personal information within databases but is different from tokenization, which specifically addresses the secure storage of sensitive data like credit card numbers.
Therefore, C. Enabling established customers to safely store credit card information is the scenario where tokenization is the best privacy technique to use among the options provided.
A new vulnerability enables a type of malware that allows the unauthorized movement of data from a system. Which of the following would detect this behavior?
A. Implementing encryption
B. Monitoring outbound traffic
C. Using default settings
D. Closing all open ports
B. Monitoring outbound traffic
Here’s why:
Monitoring outbound traffic involves inspecting and analyzing data leaving a network or system. This approach can detect anomalies such as large or unusual volumes of data being transferred, connections to suspicious or unauthorized destinations, or patterns indicative of data exfiltration by malware. Malware that allows unauthorized movement of data often attempts to send stolen information or communicate with command-and-control servers outside the organization. Monitoring outbound traffic allows security teams to detect and investigate such activities in real-time.
Let’s briefly discuss the other options:
Implementing encryption (option A) helps protect data confidentiality but does not directly detect unauthorized data movement caused by malware. Encryption prevents unauthorized access to data if properly implemented, but it does not provide detection capabilities for data exfiltration. Using default settings (option C) is not related to detecting or mitigating data exfiltration caused by malware. Default settings typically refer to initial configurations of software or devices, which may need to be changed for security reasons but do not directly address malware behavior. Closing all open ports (option D) is a security measure to limit exposure to external threats, but it does not specifically detect unauthorized data movement. Malware can utilize legitimate communication channels or exploit vulnerabilities regardless of open ports.
Therefore, B. Monitoring outbound traffic is the option that would best detect the behavior of unauthorized data movement caused by a new malware vulnerability.
A systems administrator is auditing all company servers to ensure they meet the minimum security baseline. While auditing a Linux server, the systems administrator observes the /etc/shadow file has permissions beyond the baseline recommendation. Which of the following commands should the systems administrator use to resolve this issue?
A. chmod
B. grep
C. dd
D. passwd
A. chmod
A security team received the following requirements for a new BYOD program that will allow employees to use personal smartphones to access business email:
Sensitive customer data must be safeguarded. Documents from managed sources should not be opened in unmanaged destinations. Sharing of managed documents must be disabled. Employees should not be able to download emailed images to their devices. Personal photos and contact lists must be kept private. IT must be able to remove data from lost/stolen devices or when an employee no longer works for the company.
Which of the following are the best features to enable to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Remote wipe
B. VPN connection
C. Biometric authentication
D. Device location tracking
E. Geofencing
F. Application approve list
G. Containerization
A. Remote wipe and G. Containerization.
Here’s how these features address the specified requirements:
Remote wipe (Option A): Allows IT to remove data from lost/stolen devices or when an employee no longer works for the company. This feature ensures that sensitive customer data and company documents can be erased remotely to prevent unauthorized access in case of device loss or employee departure. Containerization (Option G): Keeps managed documents and data separate from unmanaged areas. Disables sharing of managed documents. Prevents downloading of emailed images to personal device storage. Helps maintain privacy of personal photos and contact lists. Containerization achieves these by creating separate secure containers on the device for business applications and data. It ensures that business documents and data are encrypted and isolated from personal apps and content. IT can control and enforce policies within the container without affecting the user's personal apps and data.
Let’s briefly review the other options for clarity:
VPN connection (Option B): While VPNs provide secure access to corporate resources over the internet, they do not inherently address the specific requirements related to data segregation, device management, or privacy control on personal devices. Biometric authentication (Option C): Enhances device security but does not directly address data segregation or management on personal devices as required. Device location tracking (Option D) and Geofencing (Option E): Provide capabilities for tracking and restricting device location, but these features do not directly meet the specific data segregation and management requirements for BYOD. Application approve list (Option F): Involves allowing specific applications on devices but does not inherently ensure data segregation or control over document sharing and data privacy on personal devices.
Therefore, A. Remote wipe and G. Containerization are the best features to enable to meet the requirements of the new BYOD program for securely accessing business email while safeguarding sensitive data and ensuring privacy controls.
Which of the following security controls is used to isolate a section of the network and its externally available resources from the internal corporate network in order to reduce the number of possible attacks?
A. Faraday cages
B. Air gap
C. Vaulting
D. Proximity readers
B. Air gap
Here’s why:
Air gap refers to physically isolating a system or network from other networks, particularly from the internet or other potentially insecure networks. This isolation is achieved by ensuring there are no network connections or data transfers between the air-gapped network and other networks. By implementing an air gap, organizations can significantly reduce the attack surface because external threats, such as internet-based attacks, cannot directly access the isolated network. This isolation helps protect critical systems or sensitive data that require high levels of security.
Let’s briefly cover the other options for clarity:
Faraday cages (Option A) are physical enclosures that block electromagnetic signals, typically used to shield electronic devices from external electromagnetic interference. They are not directly related to network isolation for security purposes. Vaulting (Option C) refers to securely storing physical items, such as data tapes or sensitive documents, in secure facilities or vaults. It is not specifically related to network isolation. Proximity readers (Option D) are devices used for physical access control, allowing entry based on the proximity of an authorized credential (such as an access card or badge). They are used for controlling physical access to buildings or areas, not for network isolation.
Therefore, B. Air gap is the security control used to isolate a section of the network and its externally available resources from the internal corporate network to reduce the number of possible attacks.
A security analyst is responding to a malware incident at a company. The malware connects to a command-and-control server on the internet in order to function. Which of the following should the security analyst implement first?
A. Network segmentation
B. IP-based firewall rules
C. Mobile device management
D. Content filler
B. IP-based firewall rules
(Community B 57%, A 40%)
Here’s why:
IP-based firewall rules can be quickly implemented to block communication between the infected systems and the known command-and-control server IP addresses. This action helps to contain the malware and prevent further communication, limiting its ability to exfiltrate data or receive additional commands from the attacker. Implementing IP-based firewall rules is a rapid and effective measure to disrupt the malware's operations without significant infrastructure changes or delays.
Let’s briefly discuss the other options for clarity:
Network segmentation (Option A) involves dividing a network into smaller segments to restrict the spread of malware and limit its impact. While important for long-term security, it typically requires more planning and implementation time compared to immediate firewall rule changes. Mobile device management (Option C) is a system that manages mobile devices in the corporate environment, ensuring they adhere to security policies. However, it is not directly related to blocking communication between malware and a C&C server on the internet. Content filter (Option D), also known as content filtering, is used to control what content users can access on the internet, but it does not address the immediate need to block specific communication channels used by malware.
Therefore, B. IP-based firewall rules is the most appropriate initial action for the security analyst to implement in response to the malware incident connecting to a command-and-control server on the internet.
QUESTION: 757
A company wants to begin taking online orders for products but has decided to outsource payment processing to limit risk. Which of the following best describes what the company should request from the payment processor?
A. ISO 27001 certification documents
B. Proof of PCI DSS compliance
C. A third-party SOC 2 Type 2 report
D. Audited GDPR policies
B. Proof of PCI DSS compliance
Here’s why:
PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) compliance is specifically designed to protect cardholder data and ensure secure payment processing. This standard is mandated for all organizations that handle, process, store, or transmit credit card information. By requesting proof of PCI DSS compliance, the company ensures that the payment processor adheres to the necessary security standards to protect sensitive payment information, thereby limiting the risk associated with handling and processing payments.
Let’s briefly discuss the other options for clarity:
ISO 27001 certification documents (Option A) pertain to a comprehensive information security management system (ISMS). While important for overall security posture, it is not specifically tailored to payment card processing security requirements like PCI DSS. A third-party SOC 2 Type 2 report (Option C) evaluates the effectiveness of an organization’s controls relevant to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy. Although useful for understanding a service provider’s security posture, it does not specifically address payment card industry requirements. Audited GDPR policies (Option D) ensure compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation, which focuses on protecting personal data and privacy of individuals in the EU. While important for privacy considerations, GDPR compliance does not specifically address the security requirements for payment card processing.
Therefore, B. Proof of PCI DSS compliance is the best request to make to the payment processor to ensure secure and compliant handling of payment information for online orders.
An employee in the accounting department receives an email containing a demand for
payment for services performed by a vendor. However, the vendor is not in the vendor
management database. Which of the following is this scenario an example of?
A. Pretexting
B. Impersonation
C. Ransomware
D. Invoice scam
D. Invoice scam
Here’s why:
An invoice scam involves sending fraudulent invoices to a company, hoping that the recipient will process the payment without verifying the legitimacy of the invoice. In this case, the employee receives a demand for payment for services from a vendor not listed in the vendor management database, indicating that the invoice is likely fraudulent.
Let’s briefly discuss the other options for clarity:
Pretexting (Option A) is a form of social engineering where an attacker creates a fabricated scenario (pretext) to trick the victim into divulging information or performing an action. While this scam could involve some form of pretexting, the scenario specifically matches an invoice scam. Impersonation (Option B) involves an attacker pretending to be someone else, such as a trusted person or organization, to deceive the victim. While invoice scams can involve impersonation, the specific act of sending a fake invoice for payment is best described as an invoice scam. Ransomware (Option C) is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data and demands a ransom payment to restore access. This scenario does not involve any form of malware or encryption, so it does not fit the description of ransomware.
Therefore, the scenario is best described as D. Invoice scam.
A company has had several malware incidents that have been traced back to users accessing personal SaaS applications on the internet from the company network. The company has a policy that states users can only access business-related cloud applications from within the company network. Which of the following technical solutions should be used to enforce the policy?
A. Implement single sign-on using an identity provider
B. Leverage a cloud access security broker.
C. Configure cloud security groups
D. Install a virtual private cloud endpoint
B. Leverage a cloud access security broker.
Here’s why:
Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs) provide visibility and control over cloud applications and can enforce security policies for cloud usage. A CASB can monitor and manage the use of cloud applications, allowing the company to enforce policies that restrict access to only approved business-related applications. This includes blocking access to unauthorized personal SaaS applications.
Let’s briefly discuss the other options for clarity:
Implement single sign-on using an identity provider (Option A): While single sign-on (SSO) can simplify user authentication and provide better control over application access, it primarily addresses authentication and access management. SSO alone may not effectively enforce restrictions on accessing personal SaaS applications. Configure cloud security groups (Option C): Security groups are typically used within cloud environments to control inbound and outbound traffic to resources. However, they do not provide the comprehensive visibility and policy enforcement needed to restrict user access to specific cloud applications from the company network. Install a virtual private cloud endpoint (Option D): A virtual private cloud (VPC) endpoint allows secure connection to cloud services without traversing the internet, but it does not provide the necessary functionality to enforce application-specific access policies.
Therefore, B. Leverage a cloud access security broker is the most appropriate technical solution to enforce the policy and prevent users from accessing personal SaaS applications on the internet from the company network.
A security analyst is reviewing an IDS alert and sees the following:
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowershell\v1.0\powershell.exe -noP -exe byPass -nonI -wind hidden -no1 -c dir;findstr /s maldinuv %USERPROFILE%\*.lnk >
%USERPROFILE%\Documents\iijlqe.ps1;%USERPROFILE%\Documents\iijlqe.psi;exit
Which of the following triggered the IDS alert?
A. Bluesnarfing attack
B. URL redirection attack
C. Fileless malware execution
D. Macro-based denial of service
C. Fileless malware execution
Here’s why:
The command shown in the alert involves PowerShell, which is a common tool used in fileless malware attacks. Fileless malware does not rely on traditional files stored on the disk but instead runs in memory, often leveraging legitimate system tools like PowerShell to execute malicious activities. The command includes parameters such as -noP, -exe byPass, -nonI, -wind hidden, which are used to run PowerShell scripts with minimal visibility and bypass execution policies, indicating malicious intent. The command also involves searching for and interacting with files (findstr /s maldinuv %USERPROFILE%\*.lnk > %USERPROFILE%\Documents\iijlqe.ps1), which is consistent with fileless malware behaviors that often involve scripting and in-memory execution.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not correct:
Bluesnarfing attack (Option A): Bluesnarfing involves unauthorized access to a device via Bluetooth, which is unrelated to the PowerShell command shown. URL redirection attack (Option B): URL redirection attacks involve redirecting users to malicious websites, which is not indicated by the PowerShell command provided. Macro-based denial of service (Option D): This refers to using macros in documents (such as those in Microsoft Office) to execute malicious code and cause a denial of service. The command shown does not involve macros or suggest a denial of service attack.
Therefore, the alert was triggered by C. Fileless malware execution.
A company wants to implement MFA. Which of the following enables the additional factor while using a smart card?
A. PIN
B. Hardware token
C. User ID
D. SMS
A. PIN
Here’s why:
PIN (Personal Identification Number): When using a smart card, a PIN is often required to authenticate the user and unlock the smart card. This combination of something the user has (the smart card) and something the user knows (the PIN) constitutes two-factor authentication (2FA).
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not correct in this context:
Hardware token (Option B): While a hardware token is another form of MFA, it is a separate physical device and is not typically used in conjunction with a smart card for a single authentication process. User ID (Option C): A user ID is used to identify the user but does not serve as an authentication factor by itself. It is typically used alongside other authentication factors like passwords, PINs, or smart cards. SMS (Option D): SMS-based authentication involves sending a code to the user’s phone, which can be used as a second factor in MFA. However, it is not directly related to the use of a smart card.
Therefore, A. PIN is the correct answer as it enables the additional factor of authentication when using a smart card.
A server administrator is reporting performance issues when accessing all internal resources. Upon further investigation, the security team notices the following:
- A user’s endpoint has been compromised and is broadcasting its MAC as the default gateway’s MAC throughout the LAN.
- Traffic to and from that endpoint is significantly greater than all other similar endpoints on the LAN.
- Network ports on the LAN are not properly configured.
- Wired traffic is not being encrypted properly.
Which of the following attacks is most likely occurring?
A. DDoS
B. MAC flooding
C. ARP poisoning
D. DHCP snooping
C. ARP poisoning
Here’s why:
ARP poisoning (also known as ARP spoofing) involves an attacker sending falsified ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) messages over a local area network. This results in linking the attacker’s MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate computer or network gateway. In this scenario, the compromised endpoint is broadcasting its MAC address as the default gateway's MAC, which is a classic sign of ARP poisoning. The significant traffic to and from the compromised endpoint suggests it is intercepting and possibly manipulating or eavesdropping on network traffic, which is common in ARP poisoning attacks. The improper configuration of network ports and lack of encrypted wired traffic further exacerbate the vulnerability to ARP poisoning.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not correct:
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) (Option A): This type of attack involves overwhelming a target with traffic from multiple sources to disrupt service. The scenario does not describe multiple sources of traffic targeting a single endpoint. MAC flooding (Option B): This attack involves overwhelming a switch with fake MAC addresses to fill its CAM table and cause it to operate in broadcast mode. While this could lead to performance issues, it does not align with the specific behavior of broadcasting the default gateway’s MAC address. DHCP snooping (Option D): This is a security feature that acts as a firewall between untrusted hosts and DHCP servers to prevent rogue DHCP server attacks. It does not align with the symptoms described in the scenario, such as broadcasting a MAC address.
Therefore, the most likely attack occurring is C. ARP poisoning.
A security analyst is reviewing the following system command history on a computer that was recently utilized in a larger attack on the corporate infrastructure:
C:\sysadmin > whoami
domain\localuser
C:\sysadmin> psexec.exe -s cmd
PsExec v2.0 - Execute processes remotely
Microsoft Windows [Version 10]
C:\Windows\system32>whoami
nt authority\system
Which of the following best describes what the analyst has discovered?
A. A successful privilege escalation attack by a local user
B. A user determining what level of permissions the user has
C. A systems administrator performing routine maintenance
D. An attempt to utilize living-off-the-land binaries
A. A successful privilege escalation attack by a local user
Here’s why:
The command history shows the initial user identity as domain\localuser, indicating the commands are being run by a standard user. The user then runs psexec.exe -s cmd, which is a command to run the cmd process with the highest possible privileges (the -s switch runs the command in the System account context). After this command, the whoami command returns nt authority\system, indicating the user has successfully escalated privileges to the highest level available on the system.
This sequence of commands strongly suggests that a local user has performed a privilege escalation attack to gain higher-level privileges on the system.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not correct:
B. A user determining what level of permissions the user has: While the whoami command does determine the current user's permissions, the key detail here is the use of psexec.exe to escalate privileges, which goes beyond just checking permissions. C. A systems administrator performing routine maintenance: While a system administrator might perform such actions, the initial identity (domain\localuser) does not match that of a typical system administrator, and the context implies unauthorized privilege escalation. D. An attempt to utilize living-off-the-land binaries: While psexec.exe is indeed a living-off-the-land binary (a legitimate tool used for malicious purposes), the specific actions in this scenario best fit the definition of a privilege escalation attack.
Therefore, the most accurate description is A. A successful privilege escalation attack by a local user.
During a forensic investigation, an analyst uses software to create a checksum of the affected subject’s email file. Which of the following is the analyst practicing?
A. Chain of custody
B. Data recovery
C. Non-repudiation
D. Integrity
D. Integrity
Here’s why:
Creating a checksum: The process of generating a checksum (or hash) for a file is a method used to ensure the integrity of the data. A checksum is a unique value derived from the contents of the file. If the file is altered in any way, the checksum will change. This allows the analyst to verify that the email file has not been tampered with during the investigation.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not correct:
Chain of custody (Option A): This refers to the documentation and handling process that tracks the evidence from the time it is collected until it is presented in court. While maintaining integrity is part of the chain of custody, creating a checksum specifically addresses data integrity rather than the overall tracking process. Data recovery (Option B): This involves restoring lost, corrupted, or deleted data. Creating a checksum does not recover data but rather ensures the data remains unaltered. Non-repudiation (Option C): This ensures that a party cannot deny the authenticity of their signature on a document or the sending of a message that they originated. While checksums can contribute to non-repudiation, the primary purpose of creating a checksum in this context is to verify data integrity.
Therefore, D. Integrity is the most appropriate answer.
A software company has a shared codebase for multiple projects using the following strategy:
- Unused features are deactivated but still present on the code.
- New customer requirements trigger additional development work.
Which of the following will most likely occur when the company uses this strategy?
A. Malicious code
B. Dead code
C. Outsourced code
D. Code obfuscation
B. Dead code
Here’s why:
Dead code: This refers to portions of the codebase that are no longer used or needed but still exist in the system. In this case, since unused features are deactivated but not removed from the code, they become dead code. This can lead to increased maintenance efforts and potential security vulnerabilities, but it doesn't necessarily imply immediate malicious intent.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not correct:
Malicious code (Option A): Malicious code refers to software intentionally designed to cause harm, such as viruses or malware. The strategy described does not inherently suggest the presence or introduction of malicious code. Outsourced code (Option C): This refers to code developed by an external party. The strategy mentioned does not indicate the use of external developers or third-party code. Code obfuscation (Option D): This is the practice of making code difficult to understand on purpose to protect intellectual property or hinder reverse engineering. The described strategy does not involve making the code intentionally obscure.
Therefore, the most likely occurrence is B. Dead code.
A security audit of an organization revealed that most of the IT staff members have domain administrator credentials and do not change the passwords regularly. Which of the following solutions should the security team propose to resolve the findings in the most complete way?
A. Creating group policies to enforce password rotation on domain administrator credentials
B. Reviewing the domain administrator group, removing all unnecessary administrators, and rotating all passwords
C. Integrating the domain administrator’s group with an IdP and requiring SSO with MFA for all access
D. Securing domain administrator credentials in a PAM vault and controlling access with
role-based access control
(Brain dump : B. Reviewing the domain administrator group, removing all unnecessary administrators, and rotating all passwords )
(Community : B 51%, D 49%)
It’s B. since the question said that “most of the IT staff members have domain administrator credentials and do not change the passwords regularly”. It probably means that there has not been an auditing to limit the access control and also passwords needs to be changed regularly. so. Option B fits perfect!
ChatGPT
D. Securing domain administrator credentials in a PAM vault and controlling access with role-based access control
Here’s why:
Privileged Access Management (PAM) vault: A PAM solution provides a secure vault for storing and managing privileged credentials. It can enforce policies for password rotation, ensuring that passwords are changed regularly and automatically. Role-based access control (RBAC): By implementing RBAC, the organization can ensure that only authorized personnel have access to domain administrator credentials, reducing the number of people with such high-level access. Audit and control: A PAM system can also provide detailed auditing and monitoring of all actions performed with privileged accounts, increasing security and accountability.
While the other options address some aspects of the issue, they do not provide a comprehensive solution:
Option A (Creating group policies to enforce password rotation): This is a good step for enforcing regular password changes, but it doesn't address the broader issue of excessive domain administrator access. Option B (Reviewing the domain administrator group and rotating passwords): This addresses the immediate issue but does not provide an ongoing mechanism for managing and securing credentials. Option C (Integrating with an IdP and requiring SSO with MFA): This enhances security through SSO and MFA but does not specifically address the management and rotation of domain administrator credentials.
Therefore, the most complete solution is D. Securing domain administrator credentials in a PAM vault and controlling access with role-based access control.
Which of the following best describes a threat actor who is attempting to use commands found on a public code repository?
A. Script kiddie
B. State actor
C. Insider threat
D. Competitor espionage
A. Script kiddie
Here’s why:
Script kiddie: This term refers to individuals who lack deep technical understanding but attempt to exploit vulnerabilities using pre-existing tools or scripts developed by others. They often rely on easily accessible resources like public code repositories to carry out attacks without fully understanding the underlying mechanisms or coding involved.
In contrast, the other options are less suitable:
State actor (Option B): State actors are typically government-sponsored or affiliated entities conducting cyber operations for strategic or political purposes. They would generally have more sophisticated capabilities and resources than those typically associated with script kiddies. Insider threat (Option C): An insider threat involves an individual within an organization who poses a risk, either intentionally or unintentionally. It doesn't specifically relate to using commands from public code repositories. Competitor espionage (Option D): This involves malicious activities aimed at gaining competitive advantage through unauthorized access or information theft, which doesn't directly correlate with using public code repositories.
Therefore, the most appropriate term for a threat actor using commands from a public code repository is A. Script kiddie.
While assessing the security of a web application, a security analyst was able to introduce unsecure strings through the application input fields by bypassing client-side controls. Which of the following solutions should the analyst recommend?
A. Code signing
B. Host-based intrusion detection system
C. Secure cookies
D. Server-side validation
D. Server-side validation
Here’s why:
Server-side validation: This involves validating input data on the server-side rather than relying solely on client-side validation. Client-side controls can be bypassed or manipulated by attackers, whereas server-side validation ensures that input data is validated and sanitized before processing. This helps prevent injection attacks, such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS), which can occur when malicious strings are passed through input fields.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not suitable:
Code signing (Option A): Code signing is used to verify the authenticity and integrity of software. It does not address the issue of input validation for web applications. Host-based intrusion detection system (Option B): An intrusion detection system monitors and analyzes network traffic for signs of unauthorized access or malicious activities. While important for overall security, it does not directly address input validation issues in web applications. Secure cookies (Option C): Secure cookies are used to enhance the security of data transmitted between the client and server, but they do not address the issue of input validation. They are more focused on ensuring data confidentiality and integrity during transmission.
Therefore, to mitigate the risk of introducing unsecure strings through input fields, the most appropriate solution is D. Server-side validation. This ensures that all input data is properly validated and sanitized on the server before any further processing occurs.
A vulnerability scan returned the following results:
* 2 Critical
* 5 High
* 15 Medium
* 98 Low
Which of the following would the information security team most likely use to decide if all discovered vulnerabilities must be addressed and the order in which they should be addressed?
A. Risk appetite
B. Risk register
C. Risk matrix
D. Risk acceptance
C. Risk Matrix
Here’s why:
Risk Matrix: A risk matrix categorizes risks based on their likelihood and impact. Vulnerabilities are typically assessed based on their severity (critical, high, medium, low) and the potential impact they could have on the organization if exploited. By using a risk matrix, the team can prioritize vulnerabilities for remediation based on their risk level, helping them decide which vulnerabilities need immediate attention and which ones can be addressed later.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are not as suitable:
Risk appetite (Option A): Risk appetite refers to the level of risk an organization is willing to accept. While it guides decisions on whether to accept, mitigate, or transfer risks, it does not directly determine the order of addressing vulnerabilities based on their severity. Risk register (Option B): A risk register is a document used to record information about identified risks, including their description, likelihood, impact, and mitigation plans. While it provides a repository of risks, it does not inherently prioritize vulnerabilities based on severity. Risk acceptance (Option D): Risk acceptance is the decision to accept the potential risk associated with a vulnerability without taking any further action. It is a decision made after assessing the risk, but it does not guide the prioritization of vulnerabilities.
Therefore, the Risk Matrix (Option C) is the tool that the information security team would most likely use to decide if all discovered vulnerabilities must be addressed and the order in which they should be addressed, based on their severity and potential impact.
A company wants to ensure that all employees in a given department are trained on each job role to help with employee burnout and continuity of business operations in the event an employee leaves the company. Which of the following should the company implement?
A. Separation of duties
B. Job rotation
C. Mandatory vacations
D. Least privilege
B. Job rotation
Here’s why job rotation is the most suitable option:
Job rotation: This practice involves periodically rotating employees through different job roles within the department or organization. By rotating job roles, employees gain experience and proficiency in different tasks, reducing the risk of burnout from repetitive tasks. Additionally, it ensures that multiple employees are trained to handle various job responsibilities, thereby enhancing continuity of operations in case of employee turnover.
Let’s briefly discuss why the other options are less suitable:
Separation of duties (Option A): This principle aims to prevent fraud and errors by dividing responsibilities among different employees. While important for internal controls and security, it does not directly address employee burnout or continuity of operations in the same way as job rotation. Mandatory vacations (Option C): While mandatory vacations can help prevent burnout and provide temporary coverage during absence, they do not ensure ongoing training across job roles as effectively as job rotation. Least privilege (Option D): This principle limits access rights and permissions to the minimum necessary for employees to perform their job functions securely. While crucial for security, it does not directly address the need for cross-training and job role versatility.
Therefore, B. Job rotation is the best option to help with employee burnout and ensure continuity of business operations by ensuring that employees are trained in multiple job roles within the department.