Sy06 Exam Braindumps 451-500 Flashcards
A small, local company experienced a ransomware attack. The company has one web-facing server and a few workstations. Everything is behind an ISP firewall. A single web-facing server is set up on the router to forward all polls so that the server is viewable from the internet. The company uses an older version of third-party software to manage the website. The assets were never patched. Which of the following should be done to prevent an attack like this from happening again? (Choose three.)
a. install DLP software to prevent data loss
b. Use the latest version of software
c. Install a SIEM device
d. Implement MDM
e. Implement a screened subnet for the web server
f. Install an endpoint security solution
g. Update the website certificate and revoke the existing ones
h. Deploy additional network sensors
(Community : BEF 100%)
The following are the three actions that should be taken to prevent a ransomware attack from happening again:
B. Use the latest version of software: Using the latest version of software will help to patch any vulnerabilities that may exist in older versions of the software.
E. Implement a screened subnet for the web server: A screened subnet, or demilitarized zone (DMZ), can be used to isolate the web-facing server from the internal network and to restrict inbound and outbound traffic.
F. Install an endpoint security solution: An endpoint security solution can help to protect workstations from malware and ransomware attacks
ChatGPT :
b. Use the latest version of software
e. Implement a screened subnet for the web server
f. Install an endpoint security solution
B. Use the latest version of software: The company should upgrade to the latest version of the third-party software that is used to manage the website. Older versions of software often have known vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. Upgrading to the latest version can help ensure that the company is using software that has the latest security patches and fixes.
E. Implement a screened subnet for the web server: The company should implement a screened subnet, also known as a DMZ (demilitarized zone), to separate the web-facing server from the internal network. This will provide an additional layer of security by limiting the potential attack surface and reducing the risk of lateral movement by attackers.
F. Install an endpoint security solution: An endpoint security solution should be installed on all workstations to protect against malware and ransomware. This can include anti-virus software, host-based firewalls, and other endpoint security controls.
A security investigation revealed that malicious software was installed on a server using a server administrator’s credentials. During the investigation, the server administrator explained that Telnet was regularly used to log in. Which of the following most likely occurred?
a. A spraying attack was used to determine which credentials to use
b. A packet capture tool was used to steal the password
c. A remote-access Trojan was used to install the malware
d. A dictionary attack was used to log in as the server administrator
b. A packet capture tool was used to steal the password
Telnet is an unencrypted protocol that sends data, including login credentials, in clear text over the network. This means that anyone with access to the network traffic can use a packet capture tool to intercept and read the login credentials. In this case, an attacker could have used a packet capture tool to steal the server administrator’s password and then used it to log in and install the malicious software on the server.
Which of the following roles would most likely have direct access to the senior management team?
a. Data custodian
b. Data owner
c. Data protection officer
d. Data controller
b. Data owner
The data owner (option b) would most likely have direct access to the senior management team. Here’s why:
Responsibility for Data: The data owner is responsible for making decisions about how data is used, protected, and accessed within an organization. Accountability: They often have authority over data management policies and practices, which can include reporting directly to senior management on data-related issues. Strategic Decisions: Access to senior management is crucial for data owners to communicate data strategy, compliance issues, and risk management related to data assets.
Let’s briefly explain why the other options are less likely to have direct access to senior management:
a. Data custodian:
Explanation: Data custodians are responsible for the storage, maintenance, and protection of data assets according to the policies set by the data owner and senior management. Access to Senior Management: While data custodians play a critical role in data management, their responsibilities typically do not include direct interaction with senior management on strategic decisions related to data.
c. Data protection officer:
Explanation: A Data Protection Officer (DPO) ensures an organization complies with data protection regulations, handles data privacy issues, and acts as a point of contact for data subjects and regulatory authorities. Access to Senior Management: DPOs may interact with senior management on compliance matters and data protection strategies, but their focus is more on regulatory compliance rather than direct data management decisions.
d. Data controller:
Explanation: Data controllers determine the purposes and means of processing personal data within an organization. Access to Senior Management: Like data owners, data controllers may have interactions with senior management, particularly regarding data processing activities and compliance with data protection regulations. However, their scope of responsibility is more focused on specific data processing functions rather than overarching data strategy.
Therefore, the data owner (option b) is the role most likely to have direct access to the senior management team due to their responsibility for making decisions about data management and strategy within the organization.
Stakeholders at an organization must be kept aware of any incidents and receive updates on status changes as they occur. Which of the following plans would fulfill this requirement?
a. Communication plan
b. Disaster recovery plan
c. Business continuity plan
d. Risk plan
a. Communication plan
A communication plan (option a) is designed to ensure stakeholders are kept informed about incidents and receive timely updates on status changes as they occur. Here’s why:
Stakeholder Communication: A communication plan specifies how information about incidents, their impact, and recovery efforts will be communicated to stakeholders. Timely Updates: It outlines the methods, channels, and frequency of communication to ensure stakeholders receive accurate and timely updates. Coordination: The plan ensures coordination among internal teams, external parties, and stakeholders during incident response and recovery phases.
Let’s briefly explain why the other options are less likely to fulfill the specific requirement of keeping stakeholders informed about incidents and status updates:
b. Disaster recovery plan:
Explanation: A disaster recovery plan focuses on restoring IT systems and infrastructure after a disruptive event. While communication is a component of disaster recovery, its primary focus is on technical recovery rather than stakeholder communication.
c. Business continuity plan:
Explanation: A business continuity plan outlines procedures to ensure critical business functions continue during and after a disaster or disruption. It includes communication elements but is broader in scope than incident-specific communication to stakeholders.
d. Risk plan:
Explanation: A risk management plan identifies, assesses, and mitigates risks within an organization. While risk plans include communication strategies for risk-related information, they do not specifically address incident-specific communication to stakeholders.
Therefore, a communication plan (option a) is specifically tailored to fulfill the requirement of keeping stakeholders aware of incidents and providing them with updates on status changes as they occur.
An employee who is using a mobile device for work, is required to use a fingerprint to unlock the device. Which of the following is this an example of?
a. Something you know
b. Something you are
c. Something you have
d. Somewhere you are
b. Something you are
This scenario where an employee uses a fingerprint to unlock a mobile device is an example of “something you are” (option b) in terms of authentication factors. Here’s why:
Biometric Authentication: A fingerprint is a biometric characteristic unique to the individual user. Identification Factor: Biometrics, such as fingerprints, iris scans, or facial recognition, are classified as "something you are" because they identify individuals based on their physical characteristics. Authentication Factor: In multi-factor authentication (MFA), biometrics serve as a strong authentication factor, providing a high level of security based on the uniqueness and difficulty of replication of these physical traits.
Let’s briefly explain why the other options are not applicable in this context:
a. Something you know:
Explanation: This refers to authentication factors based on knowledge, such as passwords or PINs. Not Applicable: While the device may also require a PIN or password as an additional factor, the use of a fingerprint specifically falls under "something you are."
c. Something you have:
Explanation: This refers to authentication factors based on possession, such as smart cards, tokens, or mobile devices themselves. Not Applicable: While the mobile device itself is something the user has, the fingerprint used for unlocking the device is not considered as "something you have."
d. Somewhere you are:
Explanation: This refers to authentication factors based on location or context, such as GPS or IP geolocation. Not Applicable: The use of a fingerprint for device unlock does not relate to the user's physical location or environment.
Therefore, using a fingerprint to unlock a mobile device is an example of “something you are” (option b) in the context of authentication factors.
Which of the following security controls can be used to prevent multiple people from using a unique card swipe and being admitted to a secure entrance?
a. Visitor logs
b. Faraday cages
c. Access control vestibules
d. Motion detection sensors
c. Access control vestibules
Access control vestibules (option c) can be used to prevent multiple people from using a unique card swipe and being admitted to a secure entrance. Here’s how they work:
Purpose: Access control vestibules, also known as mantraps or airlocks, are designed to control entry into secure areas. Operation: They consist of two sets of doors that cannot be opened simultaneously. An individual must use their access card to enter the first door, which then closes behind them before they can use the card again to open the second door. Preventing Tailgating: This design prevents unauthorized individuals from following someone through a door before it closes, ensuring that only one person can pass through per valid access card swipe.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are not suitable for preventing multiple people from using a single access card:
a. Visitor logs:
Explanation: Visitor logs track the entry and exit of individuals into a facility but do not prevent multiple people from entering simultaneously with one access card.
b. Faraday cages:
Explanation: Faraday cages are enclosures designed to block electromagnetic signals, often used to protect electronic equipment from electromagnetic interference (EMI) or to isolate sensitive information from external electromagnetic signals. They do not relate to preventing multiple people from using a single access card.
d. Motion detection sensors:
Explanation: Motion detection sensors are used to detect movement in specific areas but do not directly prevent multiple people from using a single access card to gain entry.
Therefore, access control vestibules (option c) are specifically designed to prevent unauthorized multiple entries with a single access card and are an effective security control for this purpose.
Unauthorized devices have been detected on the internal network. The devices’ locations were traced to Ethernet ports located in conference rooms. Which of the following would be the best technical controls to implement to prevent these devices from accessing the internal network?
a. NAC
b. DLP
c. IDS
d. MFA
a. NAC (Network Access Control)
Network Access Control (NAC) (option a) would be the best technical control to implement to prevent unauthorized devices from accessing the internal network. Here’s why:
Purpose: NAC enforces security policies on devices seeking to access the network. It ensures that only authorized and compliant devices can connect to the network. Controlled Access: NAC can authenticate devices based on their identity, compliance status (such as up-to-date antivirus software), and user credentials before allowing access to the network. Segregation: It can segment devices into different network zones based on their compliance level, ensuring that unauthorized or non-compliant devices are restricted to isolated network segments.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are not the best choices for preventing unauthorized devices from accessing the network in this scenario:
b. DLP (Data Loss Prevention):
Explanation: DLP solutions focus on preventing unauthorized data exfiltration rather than controlling access to the network based on device compliance. Not Applicable: While DLP is important for protecting data, it does not address the issue of unauthorized devices connecting to the network.
c. IDS (Intrusion Detection System):
Explanation: IDS monitors network traffic for suspicious activity or known threats but does not directly prevent unauthorized devices from connecting to the network. Not Applicable: IDS is more reactive in nature and does not provide the proactive control over network access that NAC does.
d. MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication):
Explanation: MFA adds an additional layer of security by requiring multiple factors for user authentication, such as a password and a token or biometric verification. Not Applicable: While MFA is important for user authentication, it does not address the issue of unauthorized devices physically connecting to the network through Ethernet ports.
Therefore, Network Access Control (NAC) (option a) is the most appropriate technical control to implement to prevent unauthorized devices from accessing the internal network via Ethernet ports in conference rooms.
A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) wants to implement a new solution that can protect against certain categories of websites whether the employee is in the office or away. Which of the following solutions should the CISO implement?
a. WAF
b. SWG
c. VPN
d. HIDS
b. SWG (Secure Web Gateway)
A Secure Web Gateway (SWG) (option b) would be the best solution for the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) to implement in order to protect against certain categories of websites whether the employee is in the office or away. Here’s why:
Web Filtering: SWGs are designed to enforce company policies on web usage by filtering and monitoring web access based on predefined categories (such as adult content, gambling, social media, etc.). Protection Anywhere: SWGs can apply these policies regardless of whether the employee is accessing the internet from the office network or remotely, such as from home or a public Wi-Fi hotspot. Security and Compliance: They provide protection against web-based threats, enforce compliance with corporate internet usage policies, and ensure consistent security across all network access points.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less suitable for this specific requirement:
a. WAF (Web Application Firewall):
Explanation: WAFs protect web applications by filtering and monitoring HTTP traffic between a web application and the internet. Not Applicable: While WAFs are important for protecting web applications, they do not filter or control user access to websites based on categories.
c. VPN (Virtual Private Network):
Explanation: VPNs create encrypted tunnels for secure remote access to the corporate network, but they do not filter or control web browsing based on website categories. Not Applicable: VPNs provide secure access to internal resources but do not specifically address the filtering of website categories.
d. HIDS (Host-based Intrusion Detection System):
Explanation: HIDS monitor the internals of a computing system against malicious activities or policy violations. Not Applicable: HIDS focus on monitoring and detecting suspicious activities within a host system, not on controlling web access based on website categories.
Therefore, a Secure Web Gateway (SWG) (option b) is the most suitable solution for implementing web filtering and enforcing policies against certain categories of websites regardless of the employee’s location.
A security analyst is using OSINT to gather information to verify whether company data is available publicly. Which of the following is the best application for the analyst to use?
a. theHarvester
b. Cuckoo
c. Nmap
d. Nessus
a. theHarvester
The best application for a security analyst to use for gathering information through OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) to verify whether company data is available publicly is theHarvester (option a). Here’s why:
Purpose: theHarvester is specifically designed for gathering email addresses, subdomains, hosts, employee names, open ports, and banners from different public sources like search engines and PGP key servers. OSINT Focus: It is widely used for reconnaissance and information gathering during security assessments to identify what information about a company or its employees is publicly accessible. Output: theHarvester aggregates data from various sources into a structured format, facilitating further analysis and assessment of potential security risks related to exposed information.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less suitable for this specific task:
b. Cuckoo:
Explanation: Cuckoo is a malware analysis sandbox platform used for analyzing suspicious files and URLs to detect malware behavior. Not Applicable: Cuckoo is not used for OSINT activities like gathering publicly available company data.
c. Nmap:
Explanation: Nmap is a network scanning tool used for discovering hosts and services on a computer network, auditing network security, and managing service upgrade schedules. Not Applicable: While Nmap can reveal information about network hosts and services, it is not specifically designed for gathering publicly available information about a company from external sources.
d. Nessus:
Explanation: Nessus is a vulnerability scanning tool used for identifying vulnerabilities, configuration issues, and malware on network devices, servers, and applications. Not Applicable: Nessus focuses on vulnerability assessment and does not perform OSINT tasks like gathering publicly available information about a company.
Therefore, theHarvester (option a) is the most appropriate application for a security analyst to use when conducting OSINT to verify whether company data is publicly available.
A network engineer receives a call regarding multiple LAN-connected devices that are on the same switch. The devices have suddenly been experiencing speed and latency issues while connecting to network resources. The engineer enters the command show mac address-table and reviews the following output:
VLAN MAC PORT
1 00-04-18-EB-14-30 Fa0/1
1 88-CD-34-19-E8-98 Fa0/2
1 40-11-08-87-10-13 Fa0/3
1 00-04-18-EB-14-30 Fa0/4
1 88-CD-34-00-15-F3 Fa0/5
1 FA-13-02-04-27-64 Fa0/6
Which of the following best describes the attack that is currently in progress’?
a. MAC flooding
b. Evil twin
c. ARP poisoning
d. DHCP spoofing
a. MAC flooding
The output from the show mac address-table command indicates that there are multiple MAC addresses associated with the same port (Fa0/1 in this case). This situation is indicative of a MAC flooding attack. Here’s why:
MAC Address Table: The MAC address table (CAM table) maps MAC addresses to corresponding switch ports. Normally, each MAC address should map to a unique port to avoid confusion in directing traffic. Duplicate MACs: Seeing multiple MAC addresses associated with the same port (Fa0/1) suggests that the switch is overwhelmed with MAC addresses, exceeding its capacity to manage MAC-to-port mappings efficiently. Attack Description: MAC flooding is a type of attack where an attacker floods the switch with a large number of fake MAC addresses. This can cause the switch to enter a state known as "failopen," where it begins to behave like a hub and broadcasts traffic to all ports, rather than just the intended destination port.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less likely to be the correct answer:
b. Evil twin:
Explanation: An evil twin attack involves setting up a rogue Wi-Fi access point to mimic a legitimate one, tricking users into connecting to it instead. This is not relevant to the scenario described with a network switch and MAC addresses.
c. ARP poisoning:
Explanation: ARP poisoning (or ARP spoofing) involves manipulating ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) messages to associate a different MAC address with an IP address. While ARP poisoning can lead to network issues, the symptoms described (multiple MAC addresses on the same switch port) are not characteristic of ARP poisoning.
d. DHCP spoofing:
Explanation: DHCP spoofing involves a malicious device impersonating a legitimate DHCP server to distribute incorrect IP addresses or other configuration information. This does not directly relate to the symptoms described with MAC addresses on a switch port.
Therefore, based on the information provided, the most likely attack in progress is MAC flooding (option a), which is causing the speed and latency issues experienced by the LAN-connected devices.
A security administrator needs to add fault tolerance and load balancing to the connection from the file server to the backup storage. Which of the following is the best choice to achieve this objective?
a. Multipath
b. RAID
c. Segmentation
d. 802.11
a. Multipath
Multipath (option a) is the best choice to achieve fault tolerance and load balancing for the connection from the file server to the backup storage. Here’s why:
Fault Tolerance: Multipath technology allows for redundant paths between devices, ensuring that if one path fails or experiences issues, traffic can automatically failover to another available path. This enhances fault tolerance by providing redundancy. Load Balancing: Multipath also supports load balancing by distributing data traffic across multiple paths. This optimizes performance and utilization of network resources, ensuring efficient use of available bandwidth. Application: In the context of connecting a file server to backup storage, multipath can ensure continuous access to data (fault tolerance) and distribute data transfer across multiple links (load balancing), improving overall reliability and performance of the backup process.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less suitable for achieving fault tolerance and load balancing in this scenario:
b. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks):
Explanation: RAID is used to combine multiple physical disk drives into a single logical unit to improve performance, data redundancy, or both. However, RAID operates at the disk level and does not provide fault tolerance or load balancing for network connections.
c. Segmentation:
Explanation: Segmentation typically refers to dividing a network into segments or subnets for organizational or security purposes. It does not provide fault tolerance or load balancing for network connections.
d. 802.11:
Explanation: 802.11 refers to the IEEE standard for wireless local area networks (Wi-Fi). It is not applicable to wired connections between a file server and backup storage, nor does it provide fault tolerance or load balancing for such connections.
Therefore, Multipath (option a) is the most appropriate choice to achieve fault tolerance and load balancing for the connection from the file server to the backup storage, ensuring reliability and optimal performance of data transfers.
Which of the following incident response phases should the proper collection of the detected IoCs and establishment of a chain of custody be performed before?
a. Containment
b. Identification
c. Preparation
d. Recovery
a. Containment
Explanation:
Identification: In this phase, the security team identifies that an incident has occurred based on the detected IoCs or other suspicious activities. Containment: Once the incident is identified, containment involves taking actions to prevent further damage or spread of the incident within the environment. This could include isolating affected systems, disabling compromised accounts, or blocking malicious traffic. Preparation: This phase involves preparing the incident response team, resources, and tools necessary to effectively respond to and mitigate the incident. Recovery: After containing the incident and mitigating its impact, recovery focuses on restoring affected systems and services to normal operations.
Importance of IoCs and Chain of Custody:
IoCs: These are crucial digital artifacts that provide evidence of malicious activities or compromises. Collecting and analyzing IoCs helps in understanding the scope and nature of the incident. Chain of Custody: Establishing a chain of custody ensures that all evidence collected during the incident response process is properly documented and preserved. This documentation is essential for maintaining the integrity and admissibility of evidence in legal proceedings or internal investigations.
Therefore, collecting IoCs and establishing a chain of custody typically occurs during the Identification phase, as these actions are essential for guiding subsequent containment efforts and ensuring the integrity of evidence throughout the incident response process.
Which of the following measures the average time that equipment will operate before it breaks?
a. SLE
b. MTBF
c. RTO
d. ARO
b. MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) measures the average time that equipment will operate before it breaks. Here’s a brief explanation of MTBF and why it fits the description:
MTBF: It is a reliability metric that quantifies the expected lifetime of a device or equipment by calculating the average time it is expected to function before experiencing a failure. Usage: MTBF is commonly used in various industries to assess the reliability and durability of hardware components, systems, or entire products. Calculation: MTBF is typically calculated as the total operational time divided by the number of failures observed within that time period, providing an average estimation of reliability.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are not correct:
a. SLE (Single Loss Expectancy):
Explanation: SLE estimates the cost or impact of a single security incident or loss. Not Applicable: SLE is used in risk assessment and management contexts, not to measure equipment operational reliability.
c. RTO (Recovery Time Objective):
Explanation: RTO defines the maximum acceptable downtime for restoring a system, service, or application after an incident or disaster. Not Applicable: RTO is a measure of how quickly a system needs to be recovered after a failure, not the average operational time before failure.
d. ARO (Annualized Rate of Occurrence):
Explanation: ARO estimates the frequency or likelihood of a specific type of incident occurring within a given time frame, typically annually. Not Applicable: ARO quantifies the probability of occurrence of incidents, such as security breaches or natural disasters, and is not related to measuring equipment operational time before failure.
Therefore, b. MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) is the measure that specifically quantifies the average time that equipment will operate before it breaks down.
A security administrator examines the ARP table of an access switch and sees the following output:
VLAN MAC Address Type Ports
All 012b1283f77b STATIC CPU
All c656da1009f1 STATIC CPU
1 f9de6ed7d38f DYNAMIC Fa0/1
2 fb8d0ae3850b DYNAMIC Fa0/2
2 7f403b7cf59a DYNAMIC Fa0/2
2 f4182c262c61 DYNAMIC Fa0/2
a. DDoS on Fa0/2 port
b. MAC flooding on Fa0/2 port
c. ARP poisoning on Fa0/1 port
d. DNS poisoning on port Fa0/1
b. MAC flooding on Fa0/2 port
Based on the ARP table output, it appears that there are multiple MAC addresses associated with port Fa0/2, which suggests that MAC flooding may be occurring on this port. Therefore, the correct answer is B. MAC flooding on Fa0/2 port.
ARP poisoning is a type of attack where the attacker sends fake ARP messages to associate their own MAC address with the IP address of another device on the network. However, there is no evidence of this type of attack in the ARP table output provided.
DDoS and DNS poisoning attacks are not related to the information provided in the ARP table output, so options A and D are incorrect.
Which of the following documents specifies what to do in the event of catastrophic loss of a physical or virtual system?
a. Data retention plan
b. Incident response plan
c. Disaster recovery plan
d. Communication plan
(Community C 88%)
c. Disaster recovery plan
The document that specifies what to do in the event of catastrophic loss of a physical or virtual system is the Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP).
Here’s a brief explanation of why DRP is the correct answer:
Disaster Recovery Plan: A DRP outlines the procedures and processes to recover and restore IT infrastructure, systems, and data after a catastrophic event such as a natural disaster, cyberattack, or hardware failure. Focus: The primary focus of a DRP is on ensuring business continuity and minimizing downtime by defining recovery strategies, roles and responsibilities, backup and recovery procedures, and the sequence of steps to be followed during and after a disaster. Scope: A DRP covers various scenarios including data loss, infrastructure damage, and system outages, providing a structured approach to restore operations quickly and effectively.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less likely to be correct:
a. Data retention plan:
Explanation: A data retention plan specifies policies and procedures for retaining and disposing of data based on regulatory requirements and business needs. Not Applicable: While important for managing data lifecycle, a data retention plan does not specifically address catastrophic loss or disaster recovery.
b. Incident response plan:
Explanation: An incident response plan outlines steps to detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity incidents or breaches. Not Applicable: While related to handling incidents, it focuses more on cybersecurity events rather than comprehensive recovery from catastrophic system loss.
d. Communication plan:
Explanation: A communication plan defines how information is shared internally and externally during and after a crisis or incident. Not Applicable: While critical for managing communication during disasters, it does not specifically address the technical recovery aspects of systems and data after catastrophic loss.
Therefore, the document that specifically addresses what to do in the event of catastrophic loss of a physical or virtual system is the Disaster Recovery Plan (c).
Which of the following rales is responsible for defining the protection type and classification type for a given set of files?
a. General counsel
b. Data owner
c. Risk manager
d. Chief Information Officer
b. Data owner
The role responsible for defining the protection type and classification type for a given set of files is the Data owner.
Here’s why:
Data Owner: The data owner is typically a business or functional manager who has the responsibility and authority to determine the classification and protection requirements for specific sets of data or files. Responsibilities: Among the responsibilities of a data owner are defining the sensitivity level (classification) of data based on its importance and regulatory requirements, and specifying the appropriate security controls and protections needed to safeguard that data. Influence: Data owners work closely with security professionals and other stakeholders to ensure that data handling practices align with organizational policies and legal requirements.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less likely to be correct:
a. General counsel:
Explanation: General counsel typically provides legal advice and guidance on legal matters, including data protection and compliance. Not Applicable: While general counsel may advise on data protection policies, they typically do not directly define the protection type and classification for specific sets of files.
c. Risk manager:
Explanation: Risk managers assess and mitigate risks within an organization, including risks related to data security and compliance. Not Applicable: Risk managers focus on overall risk management strategies and may provide input on data classification and protection, but they do not define these specifics for individual files.
d. Chief Information Officer (CIO):
Explanation: The CIO oversees the organization's information technology strategy and operations. Not Applicable: While the CIO plays a role in setting IT policies and strategies, defining the protection type and classification type for specific files is typically the responsibility of data owners who are closer to the specific data and its business context.
Therefore, b. Data owner is the role responsible for defining the protection type and classification type for a given set of files within an organization.
An employee’s company email is configured with conditional access and requires that MFA is enabled and used. An example of MFA is a phone call and:
a. a push notification
b. a password
c. an SMS message
d. an authentication application
b. a password
phone call -> something you have
push notif -> something you have
SMS mess -> something you have
auth app -> something you have
password -> something you know
Which of the following is a security implication of newer ICS devices that are becoming more common in corporations?
a. Devices with cellular communication capabilities bypass traditional network security controls
b. Many devices do not support elliptic-curve encryption algorithms due to the overhead they require
c. These devices often lack privacy controls and do not meet newer compliance regulations
d. Unauthorized voice and audio recording can cause loss of intellectual property
a. Devices with cellular communication capabilities bypass traditional network security controls
Here’s the reasoning:
ICS Devices: Industrial Control Systems (ICS) devices are critical to industrial operations and are increasingly integrated into corporate networks. Cellular Communication: Newer ICS devices often come equipped with cellular communication capabilities to facilitate remote monitoring and management. Security Implication: Cellular communication allows these devices to bypass traditional network security controls such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS). This creates potential security vulnerabilities as these devices may not be as tightly controlled or monitored as devices directly connected to corporate networks. Risk: Cellular connections may expose ICS devices to attacks or unauthorized access from external networks, increasing the risk of compromise and potential impact on industrial operations.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less likely to be correct:
b. Many devices do not support elliptic-curve encryption algorithms due to the overhead they require:
Explanation: While encryption algorithm support is important for security, it is not specifically tied to the integration of newer ICS devices into corporate networks.
c. These devices often lack privacy controls and do not meet newer compliance regulations:
Explanation: Compliance and privacy controls are important considerations, but they are not directly tied to the security implications of cellular communication capabilities in ICS devices.
d. Unauthorized voice and audio recording can cause loss of intellectual property:
Explanation: Unauthorized voice and audio recording is a specific security concern but is not directly related to the integration of ICS devices with cellular communication capabilities.
Therefore, a. Devices with cellular communication capabilities bypass traditional network security controls is the security implication commonly associated with newer ICS devices becoming more common in corporations.
Which of the following is required in order for an IDS and a WAF to be effective on HTTPS traffic?
a. Hashing
b. DNS sinkhole
c. TLS inspection
d. Data masking
c. TLS inspection
To effectively inspect HTTPS traffic using an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and a Web Application Firewall (WAF), TLS inspection is required.
Here’s why TLS inspection (also known as SSL inspection or HTTPS inspection) is necessary:
HTTPS Encryption: HTTPS encrypts traffic between clients and servers using Transport Layer Security (TLS) or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). This encryption prevents visibility into the actual content of the traffic by intermediaries, including security devices like IDS and WAF. TLS Inspection: TLS inspection involves decrypting and inspecting the contents of HTTPS traffic. This allows security devices such as IDS and WAF to analyze the decrypted traffic for potential threats, attacks, or policy violations. Effectiveness: Without TLS inspection, IDS and WAF can only inspect the metadata (such as IP addresses, ports, and header information) of HTTPS packets, but not the actual payload contents, which limits their effectiveness in detecting and blocking sophisticated attacks embedded within encrypted traffic.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less likely to be correct:
a. Hashing:
Explanation: Hashing is a cryptographic technique used for data integrity and authenticity, but it does not provide the ability to inspect or decrypt HTTPS traffic for security analysis.
b. DNS sinkhole:
Explanation: DNS sinkholing is a technique used to redirect malicious domain names to a benign IP address, primarily for blocking malicious content. It is not directly related to inspecting or decrypting HTTPS traffic.
d. Data masking:
Explanation: Data masking is used to obfuscate or hide sensitive data, typically for privacy or compliance purposes. It does not involve decrypting or inspecting HTTPS traffic for security analysis.
Therefore, c. TLS inspection is necessary for IDS and WAF to effectively analyze and protect against threats within HTTPS traffic by decrypting and inspecting the encrypted payload.
A company policy requires third-party suppliers to self-report data breaches within a specific time frame. Which of the following third-party risk management policies is the company complying with?
a. MOU
b. SLA
c. EOL
d. NDA
b. SLA (Service Level Agreement)
The company policy requiring third-party suppliers to self-report data breaches within a specific time frame aligns with the concept of a Service Level Agreement (SLA).
Here’s why:
Service Level Agreement (SLA): An SLA is a contract between a service provider (in this case, third-party suppliers) and their customer (the company). It defines the level of service expected from the supplier, including performance metrics, responsibilities, and guarantees. Compliance: SLAs often include clauses related to security, data protection, and incident response. Requiring suppliers to self-report data breaches within a specific time frame is a measure to ensure compliance with agreed-upon security and incident response protocols outlined in the SLA. Risk Management: Third-party risk management involves assessing, monitoring, and mitigating risks associated with outsourcing services to suppliers. A well-defined SLA helps manage these risks by setting expectations and responsibilities related to data security incidents.
Let’s briefly review why the other options are less likely to be correct:
a. MOU (Memorandum of Understanding):
Explanation: An MOU is a non-binding agreement that outlines the terms and details of a partnership or agreement between parties. It typically does not include specific contractual obligations related to incident reporting.
c. EOL (End of Life):
Explanation: EOL refers to the end of a product's or service's life cycle, indicating it is no longer supported or maintained. It is not directly related to third-party risk management or incident reporting requirements.
d. NDA (Non-Disclosure Agreement):
Explanation: An NDA is a legal contract that establishes confidentiality obligations between parties, preventing the disclosure of confidential information. While important for protecting sensitive information, it does not specify incident reporting requirements.
Therefore, the company’s policy of requiring third-party suppliers to self-report data breaches within a specific time frame is most closely aligned with b. SLA (Service Level Agreement), which sets forth the contractual obligations and expectations related to incident reporting and data security.