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ASC 408G Swine Production > Swine Production Systems > Flashcards

Swine Production Systems Flashcards

1
Q

confinement systems first introduced

A

1950s

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2
Q

today majority of pigs in US raised in ____ systems

A

confinement

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3
Q

7 benefits of confinement systems

A
  • small land requirement
  • low labor
  • protected from elements
  • separate manure from pigs
  • parasite control
  • easy handling pigs
  • increased gains (don’t burn as much energy)
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4
Q

3 challenges of confinement systems

A
  • big investment
  • negative social opinion
  • controlling temp
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5
Q

range of environmental temperature over which the heat produced by animals remains fairly constant

A

thermoneutral zone

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6
Q

4 temperature control mechanisms

A
  • misting (usually bellies)
  • fans
  • heat lamps/heater
  • drip system cooler
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7
Q

2 things that happen when temp varies from thermoneutral zone

A
  • loss of appetite

- poor reproductive performance

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8
Q

provides airflow and release of toxic gases

A

ventilation

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9
Q

2 methods of ventilation

A
  • ventilation fans

- drop curtains

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10
Q

ventilation is measured in:

A

CFM (cubic feet per minute)

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11
Q

_____ pigs require _____ CFM than ____ pigs

A

heavier; greater; lighter

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12
Q

____ temps require higher CFM than ______ temps

A

warmer; cooler

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13
Q

3 flooring materials used in confinement systems

A

concrete slabs
plastic
plastic coated metal

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14
Q

concrete slabs in confinement used for what type of pigs

A

boar studs
breeding
gestation
finishing

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15
Q

plastic and plastic coated metal are used for ____ pigs

A

nursery

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16
Q

boar stud units are for:

A

collecting, extending, & shipping semen

young boars isolated and trained

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17
Q

there is high _____ for boar stud units

A

biosecurity

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18
Q

4 types of sow units

A
  • breeding
  • gestation
  • farrowing
  • lactation
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19
Q

what unit type has the worst reputation when it comes to animal welfare?

A

gestation (because kept in crates or pens)

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20
Q

how many sows are kept in a group during breeding and gestation

A

10-15

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21
Q

heat checks are preformed ____

A

daily (usually AM and PM)

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22
Q

sows are mainly bred via ____

A

AI

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23
Q

sows are kept in breeding/gestation unit until what day of pregnancy

A

109th

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24
Q

gestation length

A

114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

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25
Q

before moving into farrowing unit sows are washed and ____

A

dewormed

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26
Q

weaning age

A

21 days

27
Q

piglets remain in nursery until ___ lbs

A

40-60 lbs

28
Q

farrow-to-finish operations are vertically integrated. true or false.

A

true

29
Q

units in a farrow-to-finish

A

sow
nursery
finishing

-breeding to market weight

30
Q

units in farrow-to-nursery

A

sow
nursery

-breeding to 40-60 lbs

31
Q

units in farrow-to-wean

A

sow only

  • breeding through 10-15 lbs
  • contract buyers or maintain ownership
32
Q

units in wean-to-finish

A

finishing only

-purchase 10-15 lbs to market weight

33
Q

finishing farm sometimes referred to as:

A

“grow-to-finish”

34
Q

units in finishing farm

A

purchase 40-60 lb to market weight

35
Q

2 alternative production systems

A

pasture systems

deep bedded systems

36
Q

why choose alternative production systems

A
  • building size
  • building costs decreased
  • energy costs decreased
  • environmental concern
  • animal welfare concern
  • niche markets
37
Q

oldest type of swine operation in the US

A

pasture operations

38
Q

types of pasture operations

A
  • gestation and farrowing

- farrow to market

39
Q

benefits to pasture operations

A
  • lower initial and annual costs
  • lower feed costs
  • reduced risk of nutritional deficiencies (iron)
  • less pig-to-pig contact
  • flexibility
  • reduced manure management
  • less cannibalism
40
Q

challenges of pasture systems

A
  • more labor
  • longer time to reach market weight
  • environment (weather)
  • parasite control
  • maintaining ground cover (rooting)
41
Q

most common type of pasture operation

A

gestation and farrowing

42
Q

how many sows on a gestation and farrowing pasture operation

A

8-12 sows

6-8 sows with litter

43
Q

farrow-to-market for pasture operations

A
  • generally not practiced because of land requirement
  • 15-30 weaning to 100 lb pigs
  • 10-20 100 lb to market weight pigs
  • slow growth rate
  • poor feed efficiency
44
Q

pasture production compared to confinement

____ weaning rates
____ pigs weaned/sow/year
____ feed efficiency
____ average daily gains

A

LOWER weaning rates
FEWER pigs weaned/sow/year
POORER feed efficiency
LOWER average daily gain

45
Q

deep bedded systems usually used for

A

gestation and finishing pigs

46
Q

benefits of deep bedded systems

A
  • lower cost investment
  • more control over environment
  • lower energy costs
  • multiple-use bedding
  • solid manure
47
Q

challenges of deep bedded systems

A
  • lots of bedding needed
  • parasites and flies
  • treating and identifying sick
  • difficult to cool barns
  • increased fighting
48
Q

how much bedding is needed for deep bedded in the summer

A

200 lb/pig

49
Q

how much bedding is needed for deep bedding in the winter

A

350 lb/pig

50
Q

bedding layer how many inches deep

A

14-18 in

51
Q

types of bedding for deep bedding

A 
straw
cornstalks
hay (low quality only)
recycled paper
rice hulls
wood shavings 
sand
52
Q

finishing bedded barns compared to confinement

  • summer: grow ____ & ____ mortality
  • winter: require ____ feed/lb of gain & ____ mortality
A

-summer:
grow FASTER
LOWER mortality

-winter:
require MORE feed/lb of gain
-HIGHER mortality

53
Q 
deep bedded overall:
\_\_\_ backfat
\_\_\_ loin eye area
\_\_\_ lean product
\_\_\_ weight variation at harvest
consume \_\_\_ feed
A 
MORE backfat
SMALLER loin eye area
LESS lean product
GREATER weight variation at harvest
consume MORE feed
54
Q 
bedded barns compared to confinement behavior:
\_\_\_ fighting
\_\_\_ aberrant behaviors
\_\_\_ plasma cortisol levels
\_\_\_ foot injuries
A

MORE fighting
LESS aberrant behaviors
LOWER plasma cortisol levels
FEWER foot injuries

55
Q

deep bedded gestation use what for feeding

A

feeding stalls to maintain and record feed intake

56
Q

true or false. sows moved indoor for farrowing and breeding in deep bedded systems

A

true (generally)

57
Q

3 issues with gestation in hoop structures

A
  • feeding systems
  • introducing new gilts
  • changes in sow groups
58
Q 
gestation bedded barns compared to confinement
\_\_\_ feet and leg problems
\_\_\_ culling
\_\_\_ sow mortality
\_\_\_ feed costs
\_\_\_ reproductive performance
A 
LESS feet and leg problems
LESS culling
LESS sow mortality 
LOWER feed costs
EQUAL reproductive performance
59
Q

how long are baby pigs kept in boxes with sows after farrowing (deep bedded)

A

7-10 days

60
Q

true or false. After weaning sows are moved to another pin and babies are left behind, making it easier on the piglets.

A

true

61
Q

major challenges facing confinement hog farmers

A 
costs increasing 
consumer acceptance
manure handling 
barn adaptability
feed costs (corn and soybean increases)
62
Q

challenges facing pasture hog farmers

A

changes in temp
parasites
lower weight gain
run-off

63
Q

if confinement illegal, what would happen to swine industry?

A

less product
more expensive product
less pigs

ASC 408G Swine Production (10 decks)

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