Swine History Flashcards
swine date back 40 million years ago in _____
Europe and Asia
what is the birthplace of swine domestication
China
wild swine roamed in ___ herds and consumed _____.
large herds
roots, acorns, beechnuts, forages, dead animals, birds, lizards, eggs
swine became associated with the “unknown” and “unclean” in what country
Egypt
how did the Roman Empire affect swine
- spread with the expansion of the empire
2. improved as bred with non-domesticated pigs
the Celtic bred ____ muscled, ____ framed pigs
heavy muscled; large framed
Sourthern Europe bred ____ type, ____ frame pigs
lard type; small framed
Hernando de Soto landed with ___ head in Tampa Bay, which turned into ___ head 3 years later.
13; 700
Cortex introduced hogs to ____
New Mexico
Sir Walter Raleigh brought swine to _____
Jamestown
pilgrims brought swine to ___
plymouth (none survived 1st winter)
3 ways meat was preserved
smoked
cured (salt pork)
canned
fat was used for:
candles
cooking
soap
17th century the typical farmer owned how many pigs
4-5
2 previsions of the laws passed in 17th century due to pigs roaming the towns
ear notching
rings in noses
homestead act
- allowed people to move from east because it was too crowded there
- bought from France for $15 million
3 production locations in early swine industry
TN, KY, OH
named the “Porkopolis”
Cincinnati
1850’s swine were taken to the market by:
“droves”
- herds covered 5-8 miles/day
- total of up to 700 miles
railroad allowed for:
transportation of live hogs to market
post Civil War swine production
- refrigerated rail car
- production shifted to corn belt (“hog belt”)
- packing plants moved to center of production
- terminal markets
4 places terminal markets were located
Chicago
Kansas City
St. Joseph
Sioux City
in early production lard type hogs were being raised with an average back fat thickness of:
2.86 inches
lard was used to make what in WWI and WWII
nitroglycerine for explosives
spam in WWII
- GIs ate spam for all 3 meals
- Pacific Islands (a lot in Hawaii still)
- Europe
what major event lead to one of the biggest changes in pork production
demand for leaner pork product after WWII
National Pork Board formed in what year
1970s
swine slogan in the 80s
Pork the Other White Meat
-because of the health kick
swine production started moving inside in what year
1990’s
reasons for moving production inside
- controlled environment
- worker ease
- environmental
major change from 90s to current
parts of the industry became vertically integrated
-control & ownership all the way through production cycle
introduction of exotic breeds (in what year)
1990s
slogan of 2010s
pork be inspired
major characteristics of the 2010s
- biosecurity
- animal welfare
- quality
- input costs raised b/c of corn & soybean costs
pigs marketed at age
156 days
pigs marked at __ pounds
280-305 lbs
pigs marketed at ___ dressing percentage
73-76
pigs marketed with back fat thickness of
.75
sows wean about how many pigs/year
> 25
