Swine Diseases Flashcards
born without an external anus because it was developed inside
atresia ani
atresia ani has a survival percentage of:
<1%
atresia ani is ____ unless it’s a female that can defecate from its vulva
lethal
temporary treatment for atresia ani
surgically cut an external anus that aligns with the digestive tract
a genetic condition caused by the recessive HAL gene
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
PSS mainly affects what breed
Pietrain breed
the HAL gene is an abnormal gene that codes for the regulation of _____ levels
calcium
what is PSD and what disease is it associated with?
PSE (pale, soft, exudative meat), PSS (Porcine Stress Syndrome)
a disease that prevents the calcium channel from closing and increases metabolic rate
PSS
symptoms of PSS
muscle tremors (tail twitching) red and blotched skin rigor mortis rise in temperature death
treatment for PSS
spraying pig with cold water (usually unsuccessful)
a parasite that affects swine, carnivorous animals, and humans that’s ingested through consumption of infected meat
trichinosis
a large outbreak of trichinosis in people led to:
confinement housing for pigs
change in swine diets
irradiation of meat
proper cooking techniques
symptoms of trichinosis
hard to observe symptoms
muscle apin and decreased weight gains
disease resulting from consuming feces containing oocytes (eggs) of the parasite
toxoplasmosis
how can humans become infected with toxoplasmosis
- consuming tissue of animals infected with the parasite
- serious problem for pregnant women (handling effected feces)
what are 3 things that increase the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in swine
outdoor swine
cats on the premise
poor biosecurity
symptoms of toxoplasmosis
fever
coughing
diarrhea
death
treatment for toxoplasmosis
not common to receive medical treatment
in what 3 ways do skins diseases effect production
lower growth rate
lower feed efficiency
lower carcass value (damage to hide & excessive trimming)
lesions of the skin from Staphylococcus hyicus that produces toxins that are absorbed from the skin and damage the liver & kidneys
greasy pig disease
what 3 things cause flare ups of greasy pig disease
poor hygiene
high humidity
prior skin abrasions
symptoms of greasy pig disease
moist greasy feel to skin on face, then all over body
odoriferous smell from the skin
treatment for greasy pig disease
topical antimicrobials with mineral oil
electrolytes
a parasitic disease where Demodex Phyllodes live in the hair follicles
demodectic mange
symptoms of demodectic mange
dermatitis - around snout, eyes, thighs, & flanks
skin nodules with mites and fluid
lesions where skin nodules were
crusty skin spots on head
treatment of demodectic mange
spread through contact
spraying anti-parasitic treatment directly on skin
skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei
sarcoptic mange
how is sarcoptic mange spread
through direct contact
name the two types of sarcoptic mange
hyperkeratotic (6 months and older) and hypersensitive form (young growing animals)
symptoms of sarcoptic mange
thick, rough, crusted skin dull gray and brown lesions lesions on ears. head, neck, shoulder, legs itching hair loss
treatment for sarcoptic mange
topical sprays
injectable products
inflammation of 1 or more mammary glands
mastitis
mastitis during dry period
coliform mastitis
what 2 ways does bacteria enter causing mastitis?
through the teat
directly into the gland from sharp teeth
what causes mastitis
bacteria
secondary infection from perviously being infected
risk factors of coliform mastitis
inadequate water
imbalanced diet
mycotoxins
warm environment
symptoms of coliform mastitis
low performing pigs
dark blue color to ears and tail
swollen, purple milk glands
mastitis that occurs sporadically in individual sows
staphylococcal mastitis
symptoms of staphylococcal mastitis
poor gaining pigs
hot, swollen mammary glands
think, yellow to brown milk
treatment for staph. mastitis
antibiotics
clean, dry environment
3 types of mastitis
coliform mastitis
staphylococcus mastitis
streptococcal mastitis
bacteria found on all farms that is excreted in saliva, feces, and urine
erysipelas
where does the erysipelas bacteria multiply and what does it produce?
bloodstream; septicaemia
what type of pigs are most likely to get erysipelas and why?
finishing pigs; because of the amount of contact with feces
symptoms of erysipelas in sows
stillbirths abortions mummified pigs infertility fever over 108 raised, red diamonds in the skin that turn black
symptoms of erysipelas in finishing pigs
fever
edema of snout
red, raised diamonds on skin that turn black
symptoms of erysipelas in boars
poor production of sperm because of the high temperature
treatment for erysipelas
penicillin injections
amoxicillin in the water
vaccination
a virus that reproduces in the intestine and is passed through the feces and is resistant to disinfectants
parvovirus
parvovirus affects mainly what types of pigs and how
guilts - crosses placenta during 1st half of gestation
boars - affects spermatogenesis
symptoms of parvovirus
failure to come back to estrus
increased mummified fetuses
smaller litter size
prolonged gestation lengths
treatment for parvovirus
no treatment
yearly vaccination
most economically significant disease in swine production
PRRS
how is PRRS transmitted
direct contact
aerial
body fluid
how does PRRS affect sows and boars
reproductive impairment
how does PRRS affect growing pigs
respiratory diseases
caused by an enveloped RNA virus
PRRS
what are the symptoms of PRRS in sows and boars
abortions, stillbirths, mummified weak pigs cyanosis of ears, abdomen, vulva high pre-weaning mortality low semen quality respiratory distress
what are the symptoms of PRRS in growing pigs?
cyanosis of ears
fever
coughing
pneumonia
how is PRRS prevented and treated?
vaccinate
biosecurity
antibiotics for secondary infections
the virus that causes porcine epidemic diarrhea is most likely to survive and effect swine when it is ____ and ____.
cold; wet
symptoms of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
severe diarrhea
vomiting
high morbidity
the virus that causes Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea is deactivated by what?
heat
is there a vaccine for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea?
no
how many new cases of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea are diagnosed each week?
40-50
Post Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) is a slow progressive disease that affects weaned pigs that are what age?
6-12 weeks
what disease is strongly associated with stress?
PMWS
how is PMWS spread?
fomites fluids stress rodents birds
what are 4 symptoms of PMWS?
weight loss
swollen lymph nodes
diarrhea
poor breathing
this is a viral disease that is spread fecal to oral commonly seen in winter months
TGE (Transmissible Gastronteritis)
symptoms of TGE
vomiting
foul smelling diarrhea (b/c of excess fat)
weight loss
lack of appetite
what is another name for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia?
Enzootic Pneumonia
symptoms of Mycoplasmal pneumonia
unproductive cough
rough hair coat
lesions
mild chronic pneumonia
treatment and prevention of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
antibiotics
vaccination
this is a zoonotic disease that causes respiratory problems and can lead to meningitis
streptococcus suis
what age pigs is step. suis commonly seen in?
10 days-12 weeks
what 4 ways is step. sues transmitted?
orally
aerosols
flies
rodents
symptoms of streptococcus suis
tremors blindness paddling arthritis lameness abortion fever
two main strands of swine influenza
H1N1
H3N2
4 ways swine flu is transmitted
direct contact
airborne particles
secretions
aerosols
symptoms of swine influenza
fever nasal discharge cough abortion (due to high fever) high morbidity, low mortality
2 treatments options for swine flu
loss stress environment
treat secondary infections
a zoonotic disease that spreads through contact with urine and water that typically goes undiagnosed
leptospirosis
symptoms of lepto in sows and guilts
stillbirths
weak piglets
mummified pigs
premature piglets
symptoms of lepto in young pigs
hemorrhaging
jaundice
2 treatments for leptospirosis
tetracyclines
streptomycin
2 prevention methods for lepto
routine vaccination
vector (rodent) control
