Swine Diseases Flashcards
Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
- Viral disease spread fecal-oral in swine
- Fatal to hogs under 2-3 weeks of age and can stunt growth if > 3 weeks of age
- Symptoms: Vomiting and foul-smelling diarrhea
- No real treatments - keep water available and pigs clean and dry
Staphylococcal Mastitis (and Strep)
- Symptoms: Poor gain, hot and swollen glands with chunky, yellow/brown discharge/milk
- Antibiotics
- Requires extra money and time to treat
- Infection is the top reason for culling in many industries
- Occurs sporadically in individual sows
- Virus - first-lactation sows especially susceptible
PRRS (In sows and boars)
-RNA virus can be easily transmitted via air and direct contact
Most economically significant disease (affects gain and production)
- Symptoms: Fever, coughing, pnemonia, blue coloration to the ears
- Treament = vaccinate herd, may need antibiotics for secondary infections, biosecurity
Swine Influenza Virus
- All swine populations at risk but old and young suffer worse
- Evidence of cross infection of humans and infected swine
- Transmitted through direct contact or airbourne particles
- Symptoms: Fever, nasal discharge, cough (High morbidity, low mortality)
- Vaccinations are available that will help fight the virus, low-stress environment
Atresia Ani
o Basic information
o Symptoms
o Treatment methods
o Industry impact
o Pigs born without an external anus (Lethal, most culled)
o Some gilts can defecate through vulva
o No treatment
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
o Basic information
o Symptoms
o Treatment methods
o Industry impact
o Defected Ca release channel (prevents it from closing)
o Prolonged acidosis, high metabolism
o Seen in Pietrain breed
o The HAL gene is responsible
o Can cause death + PSE
o Symptoms: Muscle tremors, face twitching, rigor mortis, red and blotched skin
o Treatment generally ineffective; Ca gluconate injection or vitamin E
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED)
- Digestive diease that mainly affects growing pigs
- Newest swine disease on the market
- Virus that likes cold and wet
- Symptoms: Diarrhea, vomiting, high morbidity, grow slower
- 40-50 new cases diagnosed weekly
- Treatment = deactivation by heat, otherwise let it run its course
Streptococcus Suis
- Transmitted orally/nasally and colonizes around tonsils (also aerosols, flies and rodents)
- Highest carrier age is between 4-10 weeks of age
- Symptoms: Meningitis, respiratory problems, paddling, fever, swollen joints, tremors, blindness and lameness
- Treatment practices: Penicillin, supportive nursing care for young piglets, commerical vaccines and antimicrobials
Leptospirosis
- Zoonotic, reproductive disease
- Transmitted from pig-to-pig contact through contaminated water and urine
- Often goes undiagnosed; late-term abortions, stillbirths, weak piglets, premature pigs, hemorrhaging and jaundice
- Treat using tetracyclines, streptomycin, vaccinations and vector (rodents and other wildlife) control are good prevention methods
- 2-year cycle - costly and humans death toll is high
Coliform Mastitis
- Affects milk production and piglet performance
- Bacterial
- Found mostly in sows during dry season
- Risk factors: Diet and environment
- Symptoms: Low performance, blood supply cut off (purple swollen glands), decreased or ceased lactation
- Treat with antibiotics and temp regulation
- Dramatic increase in pre-weaning piglet mortalitly
Toxoplasmosis
o Basic information
o Symptoms
o Treatment methods
o Industry impact
- Cats excrete feces containing oocytes of the parasite
- Infects humans, pigs, others
- Big issue with pregnant women: can cause stillbirths and miscarriages
- Most infected pigs are not treated
- Symptoms: Fever, coughing, diarrhea, seizures, jaundice, abortion and stillbirth, possibly death
Demodectic Mange
- Parasitic skin disease where Demodex Phyllodes live in hair follicles
- Treatment = spraying antiparasitic treatment directly onto the skin
- Dermatitis on the snout and around the eyes, crusty skin spots on the head, skin nodules with mites and fluid present
Greasy Pig
o Basic information
o Symptoms
o Treatment methods
o Industry impact
- Seen in young pigs < 8 wks
- Staphylococcus hyicus produces toxins that are absorbed and damage the liver and kidneys
- Impacts production ( Lower FG, GR, carcass value)
- Lesions that spread from the face and head to other haired areas of the body (Young pigs usually die if untreated), Odiferous smell and feels greasy
- Treat with electrolytes and mineral oil mixed with topical antimicrobials (and antim inj.)
Porcine Parvovirus Infection (PPV)
- Problems in bred sows and can be carried by boars - affects sows in the first 1/2 of gestation when it crosses the placenta, virus reproduces in the intestine
- Symptoms: Failure to come back to estrus, increased # of mummified fetuses, smaller litter size, prolonged gestation lengths
- no treatment, use of a live vaccine is most common
Sarcoptic Mange
- Mites that spread through direct contact
- Symptoms: Severe skin irritation, itchiness, hair loss, lesions, thick tough and wrinkled
- Treatment = Topical sprays
- Poorer feed conversion, more feed needed to reach slaughterweight
