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Animal Science Lab P2 > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

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1
Q

In late term pregancy, what can cause a sow to birth?

A

Stress.

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2
Q

What seven behaviors do pigs start to show before birth?

A

Refusal to eat (24hrs before)

Restless activity (18hrs before)

Milk Present in nipples (12hrs before)

Lying on side and heavy sighing noises and increase in respiration rate (6hrs before)

Kicking or pawing at the air while on her side (4hrs before)

Contractions (2mins- 30secs before)

Bloody fluid drains from vulva (Immediately before birth)

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3
Q

What is the bloody fluid a sign of?

A

that the umbelicus and allantoic membranes have seperated from the uterus.

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4
Q

What does the umbelicus membrane seperation mean?

A

the piglet has 1 to 2 minutes to be pushed out before damage due to hypoxia occurs.

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5
Q

How does kick present in sows?

A

The sow will kick and then hold rear legs in a contracted state.

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6
Q

What is normal respiration rate in sows?

A

25-30 breaths a minute.

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7
Q

What might happen to a sows breathing before birth?

A

Increases to over 160 breaths per minute.

Frothing or form around the mouth is a sign of very high respiration rates.

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8
Q

The front of the farrowing card is about what?

A

The sows current litter.

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9
Q

What is an induction drug for sows?

A

Lutalyse

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10
Q

What information is on the front of the card?

A

Inducement, date of birth, medications given, numbers of piglets born alive, piglet deaths and reasons they died, birth and litter weights of the piglets.

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11
Q

What is the weight recorded in?

A

Kilograms.

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12
Q

What is the back of the card about?

A

Averages from all of the previous litters that sow has farrowed.

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13
Q

How can we use previous litter averages to help us?

A

Information like…

Sow only has 7 piglets, she averages 14. Something might really be wrong.

Sow has had 13 piglets and averages 14, we know she is almost done.

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14
Q

Why might we look at sow card data used for an entire herd or group of sows?

A

Grade or assess the overall managment of the farm.

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15
Q

How do we assess our farm?

A

Compare to the established guidelines called “Decision Boundaries.”

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16
Q

True or false: If you farm matches with the decision bounders, than it is doing great.

A

Ehhhh, false. Its similar to getting a C-. You could be doing a lot bette.

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17
Q

What are mummies? (when)

A

Fetuses that died between 45-90 days of gestation.

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18
Q

What do mummies look like?

A

Delivered partially decomposed due to the sow’s body trying to reabsorb the dead fetus.

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19
Q

When did stillborn piglets die?

A

late in gestation (after day 90) or during farrowing

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20
Q

If a farm has a high number of mummies, what is the problem?

A

Managment in the middle of gestation.

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21
Q

If a farm has a high number of stillborns, what is the problem?

A

Management late in gestation or during farrowing.

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22
Q

What are the three most common reasons why pigelts die after birth?

A

Mashed, L.V, and starvation.

23
Q

What does it mean when a pig is mashed/Crushed?

A

Sow laid on the piglet and suffocated it.

24
Q

What does it mean if a piglet died because of L.V

A

Low Viability. It was small and lethargic and didnt get much colustrum.

25
Q

What does it mean if a piglet dies because of starve out?

A

Piglets stop nursing.

26
Q

How to calculate piglet death loss?

A

Piglet deaths/ number born alive (+/-) fosters

27
Q

How might we know if a sow is uncomfortable?

A

respiration rate increases above 50 breaths per minute.

28
Q

Normal temp for a sow?

A

99.5-103.5

29
Q

Hpw to measure temp in sows?

A

Surface temp, then add 10 degress. Thats body temp.

30
Q

Where should you take temperature?

A

Anywhere there is not much fat, such as forehead.

31
Q

How do you know if a pig is cooling herself?

A

The surface temperature of her ears should be higher than her forehead.

32
Q

The majority of pigs in the commercial swine industry are what?

A

Crossbred.

33
Q

On the swine card where is sow number listed?

A

Front of card in upper lef-hand corner.

34
Q

Where is due date listed.

A

Either in the middle top or upper right hand corner of the card.

35
Q

When is estimated due date?

A

114 days from when sow was bred.

36
Q

Where is actual farrowing date listed?

A

Written by hand on left side second line where is says farrowing date.

37
Q

Where is number born alive listed?

A

Beside actual farrowing date.

38
Q

Where is the number of stillborn?

A

Beside born alive.

39
Q

Where is number mummified?

A

Beside stillborn.

40
Q

Number of pigs fostered on or off?

A

Middle on the left hand side. Desginated with a + or -. Will have a date on it as well.

41
Q

Number of piglet deaths and removals?

A

Front of the card in the middle on the righthand side.

42
Q

If anything is ever done to the sow, where is it listed?

A

On the front.

43
Q

What does Lut mean?

A

The sow was induced tp farrow with Lutalyse.

The date she was induced is recorded as well.

44
Q

What does Assist mean?

A

The sow had piglets pulled or had to be checked during farrowing.

45
Q

What does cast. mean?

A

This is the date that the male piglets in the litter were castrated.

46
Q

What does V mean?

A

This is the date that the sow was vaccinated.

47
Q

What does start mean?

A

The number of piglets that the sow began lactation with. Generally the number she was given to raise after colustrum.

48
Q

If a sows live birth is low, but there are no mummies or stillborns, then what? What does this mean.

A

Sow lost embryoes/fetuses before day 40/ They were totally reabsorbed.

Means problem in early gestation!

49
Q

Weight per day of age goal?

A

0.75-1lb a day.

50
Q

What is 0.5-0.74 lbs per day?

A

Still healthy and nursong well, but may have had trouble learning ot nurse.

51
Q

If less than 0.5 lb per day of age, what?

A

At risk! Need some kind of supplemental nutrition.

52
Q

If you have a large litter, what is normal?

A

To have a few piglets in every little to be at risk.

53
Q

If the entire litter has a low weight per day of age, then what does this mean?

A

A problem with the sow and her milk production or nursing behavior.

54
Q
A

Animal Science Lab P2 (5 decks)

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