Swine

Question 1

what dictates if surgical procedures are done

Answer 1

economics (breeding stock or valued pets)

Question 2

what position is rare for swine surgery, unless its minor

Answer 2

standing

Question 3

recumbent surgeries are done under what two ways

Answer 3

gas anesthesia

combination of sedation and local

Question 4

what do you need to watch for in swine surgeries

Answer 4

malignant hyperthermia (but not in Pot Bellied Pigs)

Question 5

Malignant Hyperthermia is also known as what

Answer 5

Porcine Stress Syndrome

Question 6

Inherited Syndrome affecting skeletal muscles

Answer 6

Porcine Stress Syndrome

Question 7

what cannot be regulated with Porcine Stress Syndrome

Answer 7

calcium flow in cells

Question 8

what gene is associated with Porcine Stress Syndrome

Answer 8

Halothane gene

Question 9

how is the Halothane gene passed down

Answer 9

autosomal recessive (parent to child)

Question 10

meat side effect of Porcine Stress Syndrome (Malignant Hypothermia)

Answer 10

PSE Pork

Question 11

what does PSE Pork stand for

Answer 11

Pale Soft Exudative

Question 12

how is malignant hyperthermia (PSS) induced in GA

Answer 12

Halothane or Neuromuscular blockers

Question 13

what are the symptoms of Malignant Hyperthermia (PSS)

Answer 13

muscle rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnea, acidosis, hyperthermia

Question 14

acute physical manifestation from a stressful “trigger”

Answer 14

PSS or Malignant Hyperthermia

Question 15

what do Physical-restraint, exertion, fighting, breeding, etc….. cause in hogs

Answer 15

PSS or Malignant Hyperthermia

Question 16

what can PSS or Malignant Hyperthermia do to hogs physically

Answer 16

dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing)
open mouth breathing
hyperthermia
DEATH

Question 17

Location of local anesthesia for hogs

Answer 17

Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia

Question 18

Lumbosacral Epidurals in hogs in considered what direction on the body

Answer 18

cranial

Question 19

Lumbosacral Epidurals are injected in what position

Answer 19

standing

Question 20

what is injected for the Lumbosacral Epidural

Answer 20

lidocaine without epinephrine
Xylazine
or a mixture of both

Question 21

the more volume given in an epidural, the what

Answer 21

higher up the spinal canal it travels

Question 22

local anesthesia does not immobilize what

Answer 22

head, neck or forelimbs

Question 23

two major risks with GA

Answer 23

hypoventilation
hyperthermia

Question 24

three causes for hypoventilation

Answer 24

airway obstruction
respiratory depression
limited expansion of chest wall

Question 25

Hypoventilation = ______ = _______

Answer 25

hypoxia = death

Question 26

hypoventilation in hogs is often caused from

Answer 26

airway obstruction

Question 27

three ways that airway obstruction happens in hogs under GA

Answer 27

**Larynx prone to Laryngospasms **Laryngeal lumen is SMALL **Laryngeal edema common – trauma during intubation

Question 28

the larynx is prone to what

Answer 28

Laryngospasms (because Laryngeal lumen is small)

Question 29

laryngeal edema is common in GA and is caused by what

Answer 29

trauma during intubation

Question 30

what do sweat glands lack, that causes hyperthermia

Answer 30

efficient thermoregulation

Question 31

how long do you withhold food from older hogs (not piglets) before anesthesia

Answer 31

6-12 hours

Question 32

how long do you withhold food from piglets before anesthesia

Answer 32

1-3 hours

Question 33

where are preanesthetic drugs injected, so that a more valuable cut of meat isn't damaged - but also leads to what

Answer 33

IM in the neck inconsistent absorption

Question 34

what four drugs can be given (or as a combo) as preanesthetic drugs

Answer 34

Acepromazine Ketamine Xylazine Telazol

Question 35

what drug is given as a preanesthetic to slow salivation

Answer 35

atropine

Question 36

three ways to induce anesthesia in hogs

Answer 36

IM drugs IV drugs gas induced

Question 37

what IV drugs are the safest to give hogs for induction (because of PSS)

Answer 37

Thiobarbituates

Question 38

what gas has to be avoided in induction of hogs

Answer 38

Halothane

Question 39

do pigs sweat

Answer 39

NO - that is why they are sensitive to hyperthermia (overheating)

Question 40

hogs have a ______ laryngeal opening and a ______ trachea

Answer 40

small narrow

Question 41

what can be sprayed on the larynx to lessen laryngospasms

Answer 41

lidocaine

Question 42

what is a helpful tool for intubation

Answer 42

stylet in laryngeal entrance

Question 43

blind pouch located dorsal to the esophagus that can prevent the endotracheal tube from advancing if directed into this location

Answer 43

Pharyngeal recess

Question 44

for intubation, start with the tube bent ______, then turn ______ after clearing the larynx

Answer 44

ventral dorsal

Question 45

two types of maintenance anesthesia

Answer 45

injectable inhalant

Question 46

what can Halothane used as an inhalant maintenance anesthesia cause (if hog is sensitive to Halothane)

Answer 46

Malignant Hyperthermia (PSS)

Question 47

what is difficult to evaluate in anesthesia monitoring

Answer 47

evaluate eyes

Question 48

what is a target heart rate for monitoring anesthesia in hogs

Answer 48

50-150 bpm

Question 49

what is the most important thing to monitor in anesthesia with hogs

Answer 49

temperature - hyperthermia risk!

Question 50

what is the only kind of fluid therapy that can be given to hogs under anesthesia

Answer 50

IV only - no room for SQ

Question 51

what position do hogs recover in from anesthesia

Answer 51

sternal recumbency

Question 52

what should be supplemented through endotracheal tube until extubation

Answer 52

supplemental oxygen

Question 53

why can't boar meat be marketed in the US

Answer 53

"boar taint"

Question 54

"boar taint" is a distinct odor that is released when and produces what

Answer 54

cooking unpleasant flavor to meat

Question 55

castration offers better _____ efficiency

Answer 55

feed

Question 56

besides two testicles, what else should you palpate for in castration

Answer 56

inguinal or scrotal hernia

Question 57

what two tools are used to castrate

Answer 57

emasculator or scalpel

Question 58

what do you do to remove the testicles

Answer 58

"tease out" the spermatic cord

Question 59

what do you do to the scrotum after castration

Answer 59

leave open to drain

Question 60

two solutions for hernias

Answer 60

close them eviscerate them (remove)

Question 61

Failure of umbilical wall to close

Answer 61

umbilical hernia

Question 62

with an umbilical hernia, abdominal contents move where

Answer 62

skin and surrounding connective tissue

Question 63

what is the space called where abdominal contents move to in umbilical hernias

Answer 63

Hernia Sack

Question 64

small hernia defects allow what to pass into hernia sack

Answer 64

omentum (part of stomach)

Question 65

large hernia defects allow what to into hernia sack

Answer 65

intestines

Question 66

two causes for umbilical hernias

Answer 66

Genetic (hereditary) Secondary to umbilical infections and abscesses

Question 67

why are hernia surgeries often avoided

Answer 67

cost

Question 68

two solutions for umbilical hernias

Answer 68

hernia clamp elastrator band

Question 69

problems with hernia repair surgery

Answer 69

Dehisce (burst open) Reoccur Infection Still can pass on genetics if breeding stock

Question 70

Answer 70

hernia clamp

Question 71

Answer 71

umbilical hernia

Question 72

Answer 72

hernia clamp

Question 73

when should a C section be preformed

Answer 73

as soon as possible

Question 74

C sections are done under GA or with what kind of block

Answer 74

L block

Question 75

if sow is sedate with L block, what recumbency should she be in for a C section

Answer 75

lateral (either side)

Question 76

what kind of incision is made for a C section

Answer 76

vertical flank incision

Question 77

C sections are used for Specific ______ _____ pigs

Answer 77

Pathogen Free

Question 78

what are Specific Pathogen Free pigs

Answer 78

the herd is believed to be free from a short list of specified pathogens

Question 79

tusk trimming of adult canine teeth in hogs

Answer 79

detusking

Question 80

when do adult canine teeth in females stop growing

Answer 80

two years

Question 81

when do adult canine teeth in males stop growing

Answer 81

never - continue to grow through life

Question 82

two management options for adult canine teeth

Answer 82

surgical trimming

Question 83

which tusk management is difficult, rarely done and includes the mandible only

Answer 83

surgical

Question 84

how often is trimming done on tusks

Answer 84

every year

Question 85

how is sedation done in detusking

Answer 85

snare or snubbing rope

Question 86

the best way to detusk

Answer 86

Gigli wire

Question 87

two other options for detusking that are not recommended because of tooth damage

Answer 87

hoof trimmers hammer

Question 88

two causes for prolapsed anus/rectum

Answer 88

Coughing – from respiratory disease, dust Dock tail too close

Question 89

how are prolapsed anus/rectum corrected

Answer 89

prolapse tube/rectal ring

Question 90

how soon is damaged tissue sloughed after inserting prolapse tube/rectal ring

Answer 90

1-2 weeks

Question 91

how should a pig with prolapse tube/rectal ring be housed

Answer 91

isolated from other pigs - to prevent chewing/trauma

Question 92

what is important to address with prolapse tube/rectal ring

Answer 92

underlying disease

Question 93

Answer 93

prolapse tube/rectal ring