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Large Animal Surgery > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

what can influence whether or not to do surgery on a horse

A

Availability of Facility
Availability of Surgeon
Patient Health Status
Ability to provide After Care
Prognosis
Economics

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2
Q

two types of equine surgery

A

standing
general anesthesia

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3
Q

surgery that is best for animals with extreme stress

A

standing

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4
Q

surgery that is best for animals with a history of problems with general anestheisa

A

standing

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5
Q

surgery that is best for owners with cost restraints

A

standing

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6
Q

three drawbacks to standing surgery

A

Surgeon comfort and visualization
Difficult to drape for sterile surgical field
Possible movement of patient

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7
Q

how long is grain restricted in standing surgery prep

A

12 hours

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8
Q

how long is hay restricted in standing surgery prep

A

2 to 6 hours

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9
Q

three things to do for standing surgery prep

A

clean surgical area
instruments available
decide on restraint (chemical, physical)

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10
Q

three ways to control pain in standing surgery

A

nerve block
field block
epidural

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11
Q

pain control method for standing surgery used a distal area “map” being blocked

A

nerve block

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12
Q

pain control method for standing surgery where a line of area is blocked

A

field block

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13
Q

pain control method for standing surgery that provides analgesia for Tail, perineum, anus/rectum, vulva, vagina

A

epidural

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14
Q

local anesthetic epidurals can cause a higher chance of what negative side effect

A

ataxia

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15
Q

three drugs classes used for epidurals in standing surgery

A

Local anesthetics
Alpha-2
Opioids

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16
Q

location used for epidural in standing surgery

A

first moveable intercoccygeal space

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17
Q

how long is grain and hay withheld in general anesthesia prep

A

12 hours

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18
Q

what premeds are not used in GA because they depress GI motility

A

atropine

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19
Q

how long is grain and hay withheld before GA

A

12 hours for both

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20
Q

what is not withheld before GA

A

water

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21
Q

what anesthesia drug is not recommended in horses because it depresses GI motility

A

Atropine

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22
Q

what can be done preanesthetia to decrease anesthesia time

A

Clip/Clean
place catheter
equipment
positioning plan

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23
Q

why is it important to clean the horses mouth before anesthesia

A

Harbors debris that would interfere with intubation

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24
Q

what should be protected during GA to reduce the risk of recovery accidents

A

legs and eyes

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25
Q

what two things should be done before GA to make sure the horse is safe for anesthesia

A

preop physical exam
lab work

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26
Q

what should be done preop to correct dehydration and replenish electrolytes

A

fluid therapy

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27
Q

what can happen to horses in recumbent positions under GA

A

compartment syndrome

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28
Q

what two anesthesia factors can help reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

A

time and depth of anesthesia

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29
Q

proper positioning and what can reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

A

cushions

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30
Q

what should be reduce before GA to reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

A

carbohydrate intake

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31
Q

what should be maintained during GA to reduce the risk of compartment syndrome

A

blood pressure

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32
Q

three methods for induction/maintenance of GA

A

Injectable INDUCTION and injectable MAINTENANCE

Injectable INDUCTION and gas MAINTENANCE

Gas INDUCTION and gas MAINTENANCE

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33
Q

gas induction and gas maintenance is used in what age horse

A

foals

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34
Q

where should foals be induced with GA, to make induction easier

A

in the presence of the mare

35
Q

three routes of intubation in horses

A

Orotracheal
Nasotracheal
Direct Tracheal

36
Q

nasotracheal intubation is used only in what age horses

37
Q

In equine

when is direct tracheal intubation primarily used

A

larynx/pharynx surgery - when other routes would interfere with surgical procedure

38
Q

what is applied to “runoff” area where a tracheostomy tube is placed and why

A

Petroleum jelly to prevent skin scald

39
Q

roll GA horses slowly to allow what to happen

A

down lung to inflate - prevents hypoventilation

40
Q

stopping the flow of blood

A

hemostasis

41
Q

how long can tourniquets be left on a horse

42
Q

what should the anesthetist announce during surgery if a tourniquet is used

A

passage of time

43
Q

what is the name of the bandage used with a tourniquet

A

Esmarch bandage

44
Q

Esmarch bandages (used with tourniquets) are applied in which direction

A

starting just below the cornary band and moving up the leg (proximal)

45
Q

what is the riskiest part of GA and why

A

recovery

because of their prey mentality (horses are spooked easily)

46
Q

what position should horses recover from GA

A

lateral recumbancy

47
Q

what should be supplemented to horses in recovery

48
Q

what should you wait for to extubate

A

swallowing

49
Q

what should be done in recovery, from a safe distance

A

observation

50
Q

a nasotracheal tube is needed after GA if what happens

A

nasal turbinate edema

51
Q

how long should a horse wait to eat after GA

52
Q

orchidectomy

A

castration

53
Q

what is a male horse after castration

54
Q

when is castration done in horses

55
Q

three reasons to do castration on a horse

A

Reduce Sexual Behavior
Reduce Aggressive Behavior
Prevents Reproduction

56
Q

what is a cryptorchid

A

retained testicles

57
Q

two kinds of cryptorchid

A

abdominal or high flanker

58
Q

most common surgery in horses

A

castration

59
Q

most common instrument for castration

A

emasculator

60
Q

castration can be done in what two positions

A

standing or recumbent

61
Q

what injection is always given after castration

62
Q

what two things do you watch for after castration

A

hemorrhage and swelling

63
Q

what should horses not do before 24 hours after castration but should do 24 hours after castration

64
Q

what is used to treat swelling after castration

A

hydrotherapy

65
Q

where is the water stream directed in hydrotherapy

A

never in the incision, only to the sides of the prepuce and scrotum

66
Q

anus is cranial to vulva

A

sunken anus

67
Q

what surgery fixes sunken anus

A

caslick surgery

68
Q

two terms for air entering the vagina

A

pneumovagina
wind sucking

69
Q

when air enters the vagina what can be collected in the vagina

70
Q

what kind of horses is caslick surgery common in

A

racing horses

71
Q

what kind of stitch is placed during Caslick surgery to protect the surgical site while healing

A

Breeders stitch

72
Q

when are Breeders stiches removed

A

10-21 days

73
Q

what injection should be given after caslick surgery

74
Q

where is the gutteral pouch located

A

back of the throat

75
Q

In equine

three things that can happen to the gutteral pouch

A

empyema
mycosis
tympany

76
Q

Empyema

A

pus collection

77
Q

mycosis

A

fungal infection

78
Q

tympany

A

swelling with air

79
Q

three surgical procedures on the gutteral pouch

A

Modified Whitehouse
Viborg’s Triangle
Hyovertebrotomy

80
Q

what should you do to the prepuce during abdominal surgery and why

A

“purse string” to avoid them peeing in the abdomen

81
Q

what position are horses during abdominal surgery

A

laying on back

82
Q

two most common abdominal surgeries in horses

A

c section and colic

83
Q
A

Esmarch Bandage

84
Q
A

Caslick surgery

Large Animal Surgery (5 decks)

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