Ovine and Caprine Flashcards
how long is food withheld for standing surgery in adults, lambs/kids, neonates
12-24 hours, adults
2 to 4 hours, lambs/kids
0 hours, neonates
what should not be withheld for any age before standing surgery
water
what are sheep and goats especially sensitive to as a local anesthetic
lidocaine
at what rate can lidocaine be toxic to sheep and goats
10 mg/kg
for lidocaine Do not use in concentrations greater than what percent
1%
what percent lidocaine should be used in goats and in kids
1% goats
0.5% kids
how many mg/ml is 2% lidocaine
20 mg/ml
how many mls lidocaine would be toxic to a 50 kg sheep
50 kg = 500 mg
25 mls toxic
three kinds of blocks for pain management
L block
paravertebral block
cornual nerve block
most common block for pain management
L block
how much lidocaine is used per site with a paravertebral block
2 to 5 ml
which species has a dual nerve supply to each horn - two sites have to be blocked
goats
what two nerves are blocked in goats with cornual nerve block
lacrimal nerve
infratrochlear nerve
which nerve in the cornual branch in goats is caudal and deep
lacrimal nerve
which nerve in the cornual branch in goats is rostral and shallow
infratrochlear nerve
which cornual branch nerve do sheep have (they do not have dual nerve supply)
lacrimal nerve
A
lacrimal nerve
B
infratrochlear nerve
how many ml are given for Bier blocks
0.5 - 1 ml per 50 kg anesthetic
how many ml are given for caudal epidural analgesia
0.5 - 1 ml per 50 kg anesthetic
goats have the same GA concerns as what species
cattle
most common induction process for ovine and caprine
face mask induction (most are under 150 lbs)
what drugs can be used for induction of ovine and caprine
propofol
ketamine/diazapam
what is the target heart for ovine and caprine under GA
80 - 150 bpm
when should castration be done in goats and sheep (if not being kept as pets)
first week of life
when should castration be done in goats and sheep if being kept as pets
5 to 6 months
why is castration delayed in goats and sheep that will be kept as pets
to allow penile urethra maturity (prevent a narrow urethra)
adult castration is complicated by what and has what risk
well developed blood supply
hemorrhage
two injections that should be given when castration is done
tetanus antitoxin
antibiotics
two ways that closed castration can be done in goats and sheep
elastrator bands
emasculatome (Burdizzo)
What did Mike Rowe find to be the most humane way to castrate sheep and goats - elastrator bands or emasculatome (Burdizzo)
emasculatome (Burdizzo)
banding takes longer and drags out discomfort
preferred dehorning process for goats
heat disbudding
what nerve block is done for dehorning goats
cornual nerve block
three reasons for tail docking in sheep
** improve sanitary conditions (wool gets saturated in urine and feces)
** increase productivity in ewes (tail gets in the way of being bred)
** appearance for show animals
at what age are tails docks in sheep
before 2 weeks
how soon can tails be docked in lambs, if they are big enough
24 hours after birth
six ways to tail dock lambs
Sharp pocket knife
Emasculatone
Emasculator
Hot docking irons
hot iron
Elastrator (band tail)
Pruning shears
two precautions to take after tail docking lambs
tetanus and fly control
how are C sections performed in goats and sheep
left flank with female in right lateral recumbancy
the head should not be what in C section of goats and sheep
elevated
how should sheep and goats be restrained for C section
by the assistant
what block is given for C section
L block
what injections are given after C sections
antibiotics and anti inflammatories
how are supernumerary teats removed in goats and sheep
serrated scissors
what direction do you cut to remove supernumerary teats
craniocaudal (not laterally across udder)
what does descenting remove
“buck” odor
two ways that “buck” odor is generated
rut (urinating on self)
primary scent glands (caudomedial base of horn)
how does castration help with some “buck” odor
eliminates testosterone
what age can descenting be done
any age
primary scent glands can be removed during what procedure
dehorning
primary scent glands are where from the horn bud
caudomedially
descenting
descenting may cause females to do what
reject males because lack of scent
entropion (turned in eyelid) happens in what neonate
young lambs
two solutions to entropion
surgery (permanent) - remove wedge and suture
injection (temporary)
