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Large Animal Surgery > Ovine and Caprine > Flashcards

Ovine and Caprine Flashcards

1
Q

how long is food withheld for standing surgery in adults, lambs/kids, neonates

A

12-24 hours, adults
2 to 4 hours, lambs/kids
0 hours, neonates

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2
Q

what should not be withheld for any age before standing surgery

A

water

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3
Q

what are sheep and goats especially sensitive to as a local anesthetic

A

lidocaine

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4
Q

at what rate can lidocaine be toxic to sheep and goats

A

10 mg/kg

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5
Q

for lidocaine Do not use in concentrations greater than what percent

A

1%

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6
Q

what percent lidocaine should be used in goats and in kids

A

1% goats
0.5% kids

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7
Q

how many mg/ml is 2% lidocaine

A

20 mg/ml

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8
Q

how many mls lidocaine would be toxic to a 50 kg sheep

A

50 kg = 500 mg
25 mls toxic

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9
Q

three kinds of blocks for pain management

A

L block
paravertebral block
cornual nerve block

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10
Q

most common block for pain management

A

L block

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11
Q

how much lidocaine is used per site with a paravertebral block

A

2 to 5 ml

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12
Q

which species has a dual nerve supply to each horn - two sites have to be blocked

A

goats

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13
Q

what two nerves are blocked in goats with cornual nerve block

A

lacrimal nerve
infratrochlear nerve

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14
Q

which nerve in the cornual branch in goats is caudal and deep

A

lacrimal nerve

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15
Q

which nerve in the cornual branch in goats is rostral and shallow

A

infratrochlear nerve

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16
Q

which cornual branch nerve do sheep have (they do not have dual nerve supply)

A

lacrimal nerve

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17
Q

A

A

lacrimal nerve

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18
Q

B

A

infratrochlear nerve

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19
Q

how many ml are given for Bier blocks

A

0.5 - 1 ml per 50 kg anesthetic

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20
Q

how many ml are given for caudal epidural analgesia

A

0.5 - 1 ml per 50 kg anesthetic

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21
Q

goats have the same GA concerns as what species

A

cattle

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22
Q

most common induction process for ovine and caprine

A

face mask induction (most are under 150 lbs)

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23
Q

what drugs can be used for induction of ovine and caprine

A

propofol
ketamine/diazapam

24
Q

what is the target heart for ovine and caprine under GA

A

80 - 150 bpm

25
Q

when should castration be done in goats and sheep (if not being kept as pets)

A

first week of life

26
Q

when should castration be done in goats and sheep if being kept as pets

A

5 to 6 months

27
Q

why is castration delayed in goats and sheep that will be kept as pets

A

to allow penile urethra maturity (prevent a narrow urethra)

28
Q

adult castration is complicated by what and has what risk

A

well developed blood supply
hemorrhage

29
Q

two injections that should be given when castration is done

A

tetanus antitoxin
antibiotics

30
Q

two ways that closed castration can be done in goats and sheep

A

elastrator bands
emasculatome (Burdizzo)

31
Q

What did Mike Rowe find to be the most humane way to castrate sheep and goats - elastrator bands or emasculatome (Burdizzo)

A

emasculatome (Burdizzo)

banding takes longer and drags out discomfort

32
Q

preferred dehorning process for goats

A

heat disbudding

33
Q

what nerve block is done for dehorning goats

A

cornual nerve block

34
Q

three reasons for tail docking in sheep

A

** improve sanitary conditions (wool gets saturated in urine and feces)
** increase productivity in ewes (tail gets in the way of being bred)
** appearance for show animals

35
Q

at what age are tails docks in sheep

A

before 2 weeks

36
Q

how soon can tails be docked in lambs, if they are big enough

A

24 hours after birth

37
Q

six ways to tail dock lambs

A

Sharp pocket knife
Emasculatone
Emasculator
Hot docking irons
hot iron
Elastrator (band tail)
Pruning shears

38
Q

two precautions to take after tail docking lambs

A

tetanus and fly control

39
Q

how are C sections performed in goats and sheep

A

left flank with female in right lateral recumbancy

40
Q

the head should not be what in C section of goats and sheep

A

elevated

41
Q

how should sheep and goats be restrained for C section

A

by the assistant

42
Q

what block is given for C section

A

L block

43
Q

what injections are given after C sections

A

antibiotics and anti inflammatories

44
Q

how are supernumerary teats removed in goats and sheep

A

serrated scissors

45
Q

what direction do you cut to remove supernumerary teats

A

craniocaudal (not laterally across udder)

46
Q

what does descenting remove

A

“buck” odor

47
Q

two ways that “buck” odor is generated

A

rut (urinating on self)
primary scent glands (caudomedial base of horn)

48
Q

how does castration help with some “buck” odor

A

eliminates testosterone

49
Q

what age can descenting be done

A

any age

50
Q

primary scent glands can be removed during what procedure

A

dehorning

51
Q

primary scent glands are where from the horn bud

A

caudomedially

52
Q
A

descenting

53
Q

descenting may cause females to do what

A

reject males because lack of scent

54
Q

entropion (turned in eyelid) happens in what neonate

A

young lambs

55
Q

two solutions to entropion

A

surgery (permanent) - remove wedge and suture
injection (temporary)

Large Animal Surgery (5 decks)

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