Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Surgery > Bovine > Flashcards

Bovine Flashcards

1
Q

three economic values that dictate if surgery will be preformed

A
  • High producing Dairy Cattle
  • Registered Breeding Stock
  • Pet animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two main ways to preform bovine surgery

A

standing or GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sedation with forced recumbency

A

casting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Majority of Surgeries done this way

A

standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

standing surgeries are done with a combination of what three things

A

restraint
sedation/tranquilization
local/regional block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what should be kept in mind in bovine surgeries

A

withdrawal times (for butchering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

seven things that restraint for standing surgery depends on

A

Facilities
Personnel available
Duration
Patient factors (temperament) Anatomical location
Anticipated pain
General health of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long should food be withheld before standing surgery

A

12-14 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long should water be withheld from adult cattle before standing surgery

A

6 hours or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

preferred local anesthesia drug (still toxic but the “safest” one)

A

lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

toxicity signs of lidocaine in bovine

A

hypotension
sedation
resp. depress
muscle twitching
convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

it is best to dilute lidocaine to what percentage

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pain control for flank incisions, needs to be deposited into several layers of tissues

A

L Block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

L Blocks are deposited in what shape

A

inverted “L”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pain control that is given in spinal roots

A

paravertebral block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what spinal roots are used for paravertebral block

A

T13
L1
L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how much local anesthetic is given in the dorsal approach of a paravertebral block

A

20 ml per vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how much local anesthetic is given in the lateral approach of a paravertebral block

A

10-20 ml per site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pain control for dehorning

A

cornual nerve block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many nerves do cattle have supplied to each horn

A

one (between eye and horn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pain control for distal limb - two names

A

Bier block

or

intravenous regional analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where are Bier blocks given in distal limbs

A

metatarsal/metacarpal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are Bier blocks given in relation to the tourniquet

A

distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is used for a Bier block, in addition to the tourniquet

A

padding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bier blocks are superior to what

A

nerve block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how long does a Bier block last

A

10-15 minutes, as long as tourniquet is on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pain control for obstetric procedures

A

caudal epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

where are caudal epidurals given

A

first intercoccygeal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the caudal epidural block

A

Tail
Anus
Perineum
Vulva
Caudal Vagina
Caudal Thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what drug is used for caudal epidurals

A

5-6 ml 2% lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the onset and duration of caudal epidurals

A

10-20 onset
lasts 1-2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

four risks with bovine GA

A

regurgitation
bloat
hypoventilation
compartment syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

when should food be pulled in cattle, calves and neonates before GA

A

cattle: 12-36 hours
calves: 2-4 hours
neonates: 0 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

when should water be pulled in cattle, calves and neonates before GA

A

cattle: 6-12 hours
calves: 0 hours
neonates: 0 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what kind of endotracheal tubes should be used to avoid regurgitation during GA

A

cuffed tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what induces the gag reflex in GA, so you have to do it fast

A

pharynx stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ruminants should never be rolled under GA, unless what is in placed

A

CUFFED endotracheal tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what two things during GA can cause bloat

A

Drug-induced hypomotility
gas build-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

rumen content, size and weight can cause what during GA

A

hypoventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

most preanesthetic drugs are what kind of label

A

extra label

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what should be consulted before using preanesthetic drugs

A

FARAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

three groups of preanesthetic drugs

A

acepromazine
Xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine (alpha 2)
Anticholinergics(atropine, glycopyrrolate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

acepromazine provides tranquilization for how long

A

2-4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what can males experience with acepromazine, that can lead to trauma

A

prolonged extended penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

which drug group only requires 1/10 of the horse dose to be effective - highly sensitive!

A

Xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

which drug group can have milk passage

A

Xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

which drug does not reduce saliva and may induce bloat

A

Anticholinergics(atropine, glycopyrrolate)

48
Q

four induction drugs for GA

A

inhalant gas
thiobarbiturates
ketamine
guaifenesin

49
Q

inhalant gas induction is possible on animals under how many pounds

A

150

50
Q

thiobarbiturates should not be used in which kind of animals

A

neonates or pregnant (can cross placenta)

51
Q

ketamine is used in combination with what three drugs

A

Xylazine, Acepromazine, Diazapam

52
Q

guaifenesin has what kind of effect on bovine

A

muscle relaxant - reduces other doses of additional drugs

53
Q

what drugs make up the “triple drip” combination

A

Guaifenesin + Xylazine + Ketamine

54
Q

what drugs make up the “double dip” combination

A

Guaifenesin + Ketamine

55
Q

what animals is Telazol and Propofol used in

A

calves and small ruminants

56
Q

two ways to place endotracheal tubes

A

direct visualization
palpation

57
Q

with palpation placement of endotracheal tube, cup end with hand and insert what

A

arm

58
Q

what should removed before palpation placement of endotracheal tube

A

JEWELRY

59
Q

two ways to maintenance GA bovine

A

injectable drugs
inhalant gas

60
Q

when is maintenance GA done in bovine

A

if more than 1 hour

61
Q

what four things should be monitored in GA of bovine

A

depth
ventilation
circulation
temperature

62
Q

how many BPM is desired under GA in bovine

A

20-40 BPM

63
Q

in what circumstances should an IV catheter be place during GA in bovine

A

every time - in case of emergency situations

64
Q

when should IV fluids be given during GA in bovine

A

lasting longer than 1 hour

65
Q

what age bovine may require dextrose in GA

A

neonates

66
Q

what rate of oxygen should be given in GA recovery for bovine

A

100%

67
Q

in what position should bovine recover from GA

A

sternal recumbancy

68
Q

what helps in recovery of GA in bovine

A

belching

69
Q

eructation

A

belching

70
Q

what side is best for recovery, if lateral recumbency is required

A

right side

71
Q

how are cattle different from equine in recovery

A

they are sensible and won’t get up until they feel like they can

72
Q

what age is best for castration

A

young age

73
Q

what insects are concern with castration

A

flies

74
Q

two classifications of castration

A

open and closed

75
Q

what tools are used in open castration

A

scalpel or Newberry knife
emasculator

76
Q

emasculator should be positioned ______ to ______

A

nut to nut

77
Q

what tools are used in closed castration

A

emasculatome (Burdizzo)
elastrator

78
Q

tool that crushed the spermatic cord above the testicle, through the skin, without incision

A

emasculatome (Burdizzo)

79
Q

Tool for procedure also known as banding

A

elastrator

80
Q

two complications in bovine castration

A

hemorrhage
infection

81
Q

pain med that can be given for castration

A

meloxicam (NSAID)

82
Q

one shot of meloxicam lasts how long for pain

A

3 to 5 days

83
Q

another term for dehorning

A

cornuectomy

84
Q

three negatives that horned cattle can have

A

dangerous
damage hide
damage to facilities

85
Q

removal of horn buds before horns grown

A

disbudding

86
Q

three ways to perform a cornuectomy (dehorning)

A

chemical cautery
heat cautery
surgical removal

87
Q

dehorning procedure that kills germinal epithelium

A

chemical cautery

88
Q

when should chemical cautery for dehorning be done

A

first week of life

89
Q

what is the collateral damage to chemical cautery dehorning

A

skin burns to moms from nursing calf

90
Q

chemical cautery for dehorning has a high incidence of failure and can lead to what

A

scur - partial horn growth

91
Q

dehorning procedure that is fast and mostly bloodless

A

heat cautery

92
Q

what is killed in heat cautery for dehorning

A

germinal cells

93
Q

three tools used for surgical dehorning

A

tube or spoon dehorner
lever type
surgical saws

94
Q

which surgical tool is used for small horns

A

tube or spoon

95
Q

which surgical tool is used for small and medium horns

A

Barnes dehorner

96
Q
A

Barnes dehorner

97
Q

two tools that can be used for surgical saw dehorning

A

saw or Gigli wire

98
Q
A

Gigli wire

99
Q

three complications from dehorming

A

hemorrhage
infection
flies

100
Q

what can flies cause in an open wound

A

myiasis - infection of fly larvae (maggots)

101
Q

what does the AVMA oppose as routine practice in cattle

A

tail amputation/docking

102
Q

when is tail amputation/docking justified in cattle

A

injury to the tail

103
Q

extra or accessory teats in cattle

A

supernumerary teats

104
Q

why do supernumerary teats cause issues on cattle

A

interfere with milk machine

105
Q

what tools can be used for teat removal

A

emasculatome
emasculator
clamp

106
Q

which direction should the teat removal site be sutured closed

A

caudo-cranial

107
Q

what injection should be considered for all bovine surgical procedures

A

tetanus

108
Q

why would a urethrostomy be performed

A

prevent urolithiasis (bladder urethral stones)

109
Q

laypersons term for urethrostomy

A

Heifering - they pee like a girl now

110
Q

cystotomy for urolithiasis will preserve what

A

breeding function

111
Q
A

Newberry knife

112
Q
A

emasculator

113
Q
A

Emasculatome (Burdizzo)

114
Q
A

elastrator

115
Q
A

inverted L Block

116
Q
A

Paravertebral Block

117
Q
A

Bier Block

Large Animal Surgery (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions