Swallowing Flashcards
There are more than ___ nerves and muscles that account for the swallowing process
30
Swallowing/deglutition
The transfer of material - food/liquid/bolus - from the MOUTH to the esophagus
List the three swallowing phases in order and their MAIN goal
- Oral - prepares the bolus and transported it to the pharyngeal cavity
- Pharyngeal - bolus moves through the pharynx to the esophagus
- Esophageal - bolus is transported from esophagus
WHAT is needed along/in the pharyngeal phase to keep swallowing? (hint : think MOVE)
Sequential muscle contraction - muscles keep moving ALL the way down
T or F : when we swallow, there is NO airway protection
FALSE, the epiglottis, the vocal folds and the larynx allow for protection
T or F : In airway protection, the larynx makes first a forward motion and then an elevated motion
F, it is UPWARD then FORWARD
What are the three steps needed for airway protection? (hint : think EVIL and inverting)
- Epiglottis INVERTS to cover larynx
- Vocal folds close
- Larynx goes upward and then MOVES forward
T or F : Dysphagia refers to the therapy process that someone goes through after having aphasia which can help control the mental strain after having a stroke
False, dysphagia is the DIFFICULTY of swallowing
Dysphagia - provide the meaning + the two broader implications of the word
Any issue with the chewing/passage of food through the MOUTH or THROAT that makes an oral intake difficult
- Strange/bad movement of material to digestive system
- Inhalation of material intended for the digestive system which causes the reaction of coughing
T or F : SLPs only really look at oral and esophageal functions/processes
False, oral and pharyngeal
Which of the following is NOT an example of oral dysphagia seen in class?
- Extended chewing
- Overwhelming senses
- Spillage of food through the lips
- The delayed start of swallowing
Oral and pharyngeal dysphagia, of the examples seen in class, have 2 problems in common, name them
- Reduced sensation
- Accumulation of food residue in the respected area
T or F : the entry of food/liquid into the AIRWAY is an example of pharyngeal dysphagia
True
Name the 3 examples of esophageal dysphagia seen in class
- Regurgitating
- (Acid) Reflux - caused by relaxation at the wrong time
- Anatomical problems
Give an example of an esophageal anatomical issue (hint : has eso.. in the name and think of one of Aquila’s characteristics)
Esophageal stricture/narrowing
As a _____ type of cause of dysphagia, cleft lip is an example of a _____ _________
anatomical; congenital abnormality
Provide the 3 discussed ANATOMICAL causes of dysphagia
- Cervical osteophytes
- Congenital abnormalities
- Head and/or neck cancer
T or F : Malnutrition is a cause of dysphagia
False, it is an IMPLICATION
Provide the discussed PHYSIOLOGICAL causes of dysphagia (Hint : NARAL)
- Neurodegenerative conditions (Parkinson, dementia)
- ACQUIRED brain injury
- Respiratory conditions
- Autoimmune disease (Sjogren)
- Laryngeal pathology (artificial airways)
T or F : these days, we are NOT able to make artificial processes (e.g. airways)
False, endotracheal intubation is an example of this
T or F : AGE is a normal cause of dysphagia
True
How to we assess dysphagia? (3)
- Screening
- Clinical assessment
- Diagnostic assessment
Which form of assessment for dysphagia is best? Why? (think diagnosis)
diagnostic assessment; allows patient to know more about how to TREAT their issue effectively
T or F : dysphagia is very capable of causing disruption to one’s daily social life
True
What are the 3 main goals in treating/managing dysphagia
- Eliminating risks (also for other med conditions)
- Enabling ease/efficiency for oral intake
- Getting a safe route for good nutrition/hydration and medication
In swallowing assessments, what does VFSS and FEES stand for?
videofluoroscopy swallow study; fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
What is a MAIN difference between videofluoroscopy and fiberoptic endoscopic assessments in swallowing
VFSS looks at the side view of the face so that you can see the food go down and FEES looks through the NASAL passages to the throat, looking at the vocal folds
The 5 treatment strategies for swallowing problems
- Behavioural (exercises, diet, etc)
- Alternative Feeding (feeding tube)
- Rehabilitative (active)
- Pharmacological (doses)
- Surgical (reconstruction)
