Fluency Disorders

Question 1

Fluency disorder

Answer 1

interruption to the typical flow of speech - atypical rate or rhythm or disfluencies

Question 2

T/F : Fluency disorders are correlated with a physiological and emotional impact

Answer 2

True, they have (-) feelings around them

Question 3

Provide 4 general examples of disfluencies in SPEECH

Answer 3

1. Fillers - uh, um
2. Blocks
3. Repetition of sounds
4. Prolongations

Question 4

What are the 2 main types of fluency disorders

Answer 4

1. Stuttering
2. Cluttering

Question 5

T/F : cluttering doesn’t incorporate problems with social context/communication

Answer 5

False, pragmatics ARE involved

Question 6

developmental stuttering

Answer 6

neurodevelopmental disorder that begins VERY early in childhood

Question 7

T/F : d. stuttering usually occurs around 3Y

Answer 7

False, 2Y

Question 8

Describe PWS, CWS, and AWS + SLD

Answer 8

1. People who stutter
2. Children who stutter
3. Adults who stutter
4. Stuttering-like disfluencies

Question 9

incidence vs prevalence (think incident happens like THAT)

Answer 9

Incidence : the % of NEW diagnoses of a disorder within a given INTERVAL of time (5-8% estimated)
prevalence ; the estimate % of the pop who stutter at ANY given point in time (about 1% or less)

Question 10

How are prevalence of stuttering % lower than incidence?

Answer 10

80% of children diagnosed with it as toddlers recover WITHOUT therapy, which isn’t broadcasted a lot

Question 11

Females who recover from stuttering have a ____ of family history with it; men who have it persistently have ____ of family history with it

Answer 11

lack; plenty

Question 12

name the 5 stages of behaviours associated with the natural history of stuttering + the ages of each stage

Answer 12

1. Typical disfluencies - 1.5-6Y
2. Borderline stuttering - 1.5-6Y
3. Beginning stuttering - 2-8Y
4. Intermediate stuttering - 6-13Y
5. Advanced stuttering - >14Y

Question 13

T/F : research shows that there is NO biological association to stuttering

Answer 13

False, a PWS is more likely to also have a first-degree relative who stutters

Question 14

T/F : For stuttering - if one IDENTICAL twin stutters, the other has a 80% chance too

Answer 14

False, 70%

Question 15

T/F : For stuttering - if one non-IDENTICAL twin stutters, the other has a 25% chance too

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F : people who stutter have MORE gray matter in their left hem

Answer 16

False, PWS have more R hem structure that processes language

Question 17

In stuttering, the issues of the locations of the brain and their behaviour makes it seem that stuttering is a _____ ___ _____ issue

Answer 17

speech motor control

Question 18

name the 3 broader speech disorders that encompass speech motor control issues

Answer 18

apraxia of speech, dysarthria, stuttering

Question 19

T/F : The speech motor control plan can be planned without actually executing the plan

Answer 19

True, it’s a mental representation of the plan

Question 20

In stuttering, what are the two difficulties with speaking (think about the stages) that align with the concept that it is a more general motor control disorder? Why?

Answer 20

repetition and blocks, it is harder to get one’s body to execute the movements that we want them to do

Question 21

T/F : Stress and anxiety can cause a PWS a very difficult time when they are trying to provide quality speech

Answer 21

True, nerves affect one’s ability, just like in non-PWS, to properly speak

Question 22

T/F : There is slight evidence that stuttering is a psychogenic source

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

The idea that stuttering is a (partially) ______ behaviour is _______

Answer 23

learned; controversial

Question 24

T/F : there IS evidence that clinical learning therapies are effective

Answer 24

True, although there are still SOME drawbacks

Question 25

Stuttering can be from ____________ stuttering but it can also develop as _____ _____, such as after a stroke

Answer 25

developmental, neurolog. damage