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Yoga Vocabulary > Sutton Sutras > Flashcards

Sutton Sutras Flashcards

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1
Q

Abhyāsa

A

Regulated practice of a particular discipline.

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2
Q

Adhyatma

A

In relation to the self; a form of knowledge that reveals the true nature of the self.

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3
Q

Advaita

A

Non-dualism; an expression of Vedanta philosophy that teaches absolute unity of ātman and Brahman, the individual self and the absolute reality.

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4
Q

Agama

A

A scripture or teaching that has been handed down; one of the three means of knowing accepted by Patañjali.

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5
Q

Ahaṁkāra

A

That part of our psychological makeup that gives us a sense of selfhood. Can also mean ‘pride’ and ‘arrogance’.

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6
Q

Ahimsā

A

Non harming or non-violence.

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7
Q

Ajivikas

A

Ancient sect that rejected the authority of the Vedas and taught a doctrine based on absolute determinism.

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8
Q

Ānanda

A

Bliss, joy; often referred to as the experience of spiritual awakening.

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9
Q

Animā

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to make oneself minutely small.

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10
Q

Anjali

A

Prayer.

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11
Q

Anumāna

A

Inference; one of the three means of knowing accepted by Patañjali.

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12
Q

Āsana

A

A sitting posture; especially as an element of Yoga practice.

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13
Q

Ashtanga

A

Eight-limbed; a name for the Yoga practice taught by Patañjali.

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14
Q

Asmitā

A

A sense of personal identity that tends towards individualism.

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15
Q

Āstika

A

Orthodox in the sense of accepting the authority and validity of the Vedic revelation.

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16
Q

Ātman

A

The self or soul.

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17
Q

Avatāra

A

A descent of the Supreme Deity to earth, as, for example, Krishna or Rāma.

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18
Q

Avidyā

A

Ignorance, the absence of true knowledge.

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19
Q

Bhagavad-gītā

A

A passage from the Mahabharata which contains a range of religious teachings, including those on the practice of meditational Yoga.

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20
Q

Bījā

A

A seed, or the source of an object.

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21
Q

Brahmacharya

A

Celibacy, sexual restraint.

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22
Q

Buddhi

A

The intellect; that part of a person’s psychological makeup that analyzes information and makes decisions based on that information.

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23
Q

Cārvākas

A

An ancient sect of skeptics who taught that knowledge came only from perception and denied the authority of the Veda.

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24
Q

Citta

A

The mind or thought processes; perhaps the combination of buddhi, manas, and ahaṁkāra.

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25
Q

Darśana

A

Seeing, or a philosophical system that claims to perceive the truth.

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26
Q

Dhāranā

A

A part of the Yoga system that involves intense concentration on a single object.

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27
Q

Dhyāna

A

Meditation; controlling the mind and turning the vision inwards in order to gain direct perception of the ātman.

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28
Q

Draṣṭṛ

A

The one that sees or perceives, a term used to indicate the ātman.

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29
Q

Dṛsya

A

That which is seen or perceived; a term used to refer to the external world.

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30
Q

Duḥkha

A

Sorrow, misery, suffering.

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31
Q

Dveṣa

A

Hatred, aversion.

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32
Q

Garimā

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to become heavy and immovable.

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33
Q

Guṇas

A

The three strands or qualities that pervade everything material and exert an influence over our lives, our mentality, and the way we conduct ourselves.

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34
Q

Haṭha-yoga

A

A form of Yoga based primarily on physical exercises and postures.

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35
Q

Īshvara

A

The Supreme Deity, God.

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36
Q

Īśitva

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to achieve mastery over the world.

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37
Q

Japa

A

Quiet or silent recitation of a prayer or mantra.

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38
Q

Jñana

A

Knowledge; either an understanding of mundane affairs or the realization that brings enlightenment and liberation.

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39
Q

Kaivalya

A

Aloneness, separation; a term used in Sāmkhya teachings to indicate the separation of the true self from matter.

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40
Q

Karma

A

Action that brings future reactions as destiny unfolds.

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41
Q

Klesha

A

A difficulty, obstacle, or affliction.

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42
Q

Kriya-yoga

A

A form of Yoga practice that is based on specific forms of action.

43
Q

Laghimā

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to become very light and to float through the air.

44
Q

Lokāyatas

A

Atheists, skeptics who believe there is nothing that exists beyond the world we perceive.

45
Q

Mahābhārata

A

The vast Indian scripture that includes the earliest extant teachings on Yoga.

46
Q

Mahimā

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to become large in size.

47
Q

Manas

A

The mind; that part of our psychological makeup that receives and categorizes perceptions received through the senses.

48
Q

Mantra

A

A hymn, prayer, or sacred sound; often used in meditation.

49
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation, release; a term used to denote the state of liberation from the cycle of karma and rebirth.

50
Q

Nāstika

A

One who does not accept the authority of the Vedic revelation; a non-believer.

51
Q

Nidra

A

Sleep.

52
Q

Nirbīja

A

Free of any seed; the form of meditation in which no object is used as a point of focus.

53
Q

Nirvāna

A

An equivalent term for moksha; liberation from rebirth.

54
Q

Niyama

A

An observance.

55
Q

Parināma

A

Transformation; the evolution of diverse elements from out of raw prakriti.

56
Q

Pradhāna

A

Prakriti in its primal state before it evolves into the variegated universe.

57
Q

Prākāmya

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to act in any way without restriction.

58
Q

Prakriti

A

Matter in both its non-differentiated primeval form and in its evolved variegated form as well.

59
Q

Pramana

A

An accepted means through which true knowledge can be gained.

60
Q

Praṇava

A

The sacred syllable om.

61
Q

Pranayama

A

A part of the Yoga system that involves regulation of the breathing process.

62
Q

Prāpti

A

The supernatural power that gives one the ability to acquire objects from distant places.

63
Q

Prasāda

A

Mercy, grace, serenity.

64
Q

Prātibha

A

Intuitive rather than reasoned knowledge.

65
Q

Pratiprasava

A

Reversing the flow; returning to the original state.

66
Q

Pratyahara

A

A part of the Yoga system that involves restraining the senses from external perception.

67
Q

Pratyakṣa

A

Direct perception through the senses; one of the accepted means through which knowledge is acquired.

68
Q

Puṇya

A

Piety, virtue; forms of action that lead to a favorable karmic result.

69
Q

Puranas

A

A group of eighteen Sanskrit works which, amongst other things, describe the actions performed by the Supreme Deity.

70
Q

Purusha

A

A person; frequently used as a synonym for ātman in Sāmkhya teachings.

71
Q

Rāga

A

Passion, longing, fierce attachment.

72
Q

Rājas

A

One of the three guṇas, which is indicated by passion, energy, action, and achievement.

73
Q

Ramayana

A

An early Hindu scripture that recounts the activities of the Rāma avatāra.

74
Q

Ṛta

A

The proper universal order; the highest level of truth.

75
Q

Sādhana

A

The means of attaining a result; regulated spiritual practice.

76
Q

Samādhi

A

The final state of yogic perfection, when the mind is absolutely tranquil and all thought processes are brought under control.

77
Q

Samāna

A

The air within the abdomen that is active in the process of digestion.

78
Q

Samāpatti

A

The state of mind that exists prior to samadhi, when the movements of the mind have been stilled.

79
Q

Sāmkhya

A

An early system of Indian thought that emphasizes the absolute distinction between prakriti and purusha.

80
Q

Sāmkhya Karika

A

A text that sets out the main precepts of the Sāmkhya system.

81
Q

Samskara

A

A latent impression, on the mind left by all thoughts, words, and deeds.

82
Q

Samyama

A

A collective term for the final three stages of the eight limbs of Yoga, dhāranā, dyhana, and samādhi.

83
Q

Sattva

A

The first of the three guṇas, indicated by truth, purity, light, goodness, and virtue. A term that is also used to refer to material manifestation.

84
Q

Satyam

A

Truthfulness, honesty.

85
Q

Siddhi

A

Perfection, success; used to refer to the superhuman powers acquired through Yoga practice.

86
Q

Smriti

A

Memory or recollection.

87
Q

Sūtra

A

A short, pithy aphorism that seeks to convey its meaning with the minimum words possible.

88
Q

Svādhyāya

A

Study or recitation of the Vedas.

89
Q

Tamas

A

The third of the three guṇas, which is indicated by darkness, illusion, inertia, and impurity.

90
Q

Tantra

A

A system of spiritual thought and practice based on texts known as tantras; typically seeks a goal of transformation of matter into a spiritual form.

91
Q

Tapas

A

Acts of austerity undertaken in the hope of gaining some material or spiritual reward.

92
Q

Udāna

A

The air within the body which rises upwards from the throat.

93
Q

Vairāgya

A

Detachment from material desires.

94
Q

Vāsanā

A

The impression of any experience that remains unconsciously in the mind.

95
Q

Vaśitva

A

The supernatural power that gives him the ability to bring others under one’s control.

96
Q

Vedanta

A

A system of Indian religious thought which bases its ideas on the teaching of the Upinshads, Brahma Sūtras, and Bhagavad-gītā.

97
Q

Vibhūti

A

Glories, opulence or outstanding achievements.

98
Q

Vicāra

A

Sustained contemplation of a particular object.

99
Q

Vikalpa

A

Inability of the thought processes to reach a definite conclusion; uncertainty.

100
Q

Viparyaya

A

Misapprehension, false knowledge, illusion.

101
Q

Vitarka

A

Conscious deliberation on a particular object or subject.

102
Q

Viveka

A

Discrimination, particularly the ability to discern the distinction between prakriti and purusha.

103
Q

Yama

A

Restraint; avoiding unwanted action.

104
Q

Yogin

A

A practitioner of yoga.

Yoga Vocabulary (7 decks)

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