Sustainable Sites Flashcards by Beverly Parker

Q

A site assessment is also thought of as the _____ design for the site.

A

Integrative

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Q

The site assessment assesses site _____ before _____ to evaluate _____ options and inform related decisions about site design.

A

Conditions
Design
Sustainable

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Q

A site assessment reviews the following site characteristics:
1 - T\_\_\_\_\_
2 - H\_\_\_\_\_
3 - C\_\_\_\_\_
4 - V\_\_\_\_\_
5 - S\_\_\_\_\_
6 - Human U\_\_\_\_\_
7 - Human H\_\_\_\_\_ E\_\_\_\_\_

A

1 - Topography
2 - Hydrology
3 - Climate
4 - Vegetation
5 - Soils
6 - Human Use
7 - Human Health Effects

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Contour mapping, unique topographic features, slope stability risks

A

Topography

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Flood hazard areas, delineated wetlands, lakes, streams, shorelines, rainwater collection and reuse opportunities

A

Hydrology

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Solar exposure, heat island effect potential, seasonal sun angles, prevailing winds, monthly precipitation and temperature ranges

A

Climate

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Primary vegetation types, greenfield area, significant tree mapping, threatened or endangered species, unique habitat, invasive plant species

A

Vegetation

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Prime farmland, healthy soils

A

Soils

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Views, adjacent transportation infrastructure, adjacent properties, construction materials with existing recycle or reuse potential

A

Human Use

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Q

What site characteristic includes:

Proximity of vulnerable populations, adjacent physical activity opportunities, proximity to major sources of air pollution

A

Human Health Effects

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Q

The _____ building design practice of site _____ considers both the _____ and the _____ of the building to determine the site’s ability to _____ the building while minimizing _____ _____.

A

Whole
Planning
Site
Function
Support
Environmental impact

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Q

Define DEVELOPMENT FOOTPRINT

A

All areas that will be affected by the project’s activity. (Not limited to the building footprint)

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Q

Define OPEN SPACE

A

An area that is BOTH vegetated and pervious.

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Q

What is the LEED calculation for determining open space?

A

The area of the property minus the development footprint

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Q

One of the biggest environmental impacts on the site during the construction process is loss of valuable topsoil (erosion). What are three strategies that can help prevent erosion?

1 - Limiting site _____
2 - Stabilizing any _____ areas
3 - Controlling the flow of _____ on the site

A

1 - disturbance
2 - exposed
3 - water

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Q

What are six methods to limit erosion and sedimentation during the life of the project?

A

1 - Mulching
2 - Erosion control blankets
3 - Sediment (silt) fencing
4 - Berms and constructed ponds
5 - Seeding
6 - Straw bales

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Q

Rainwater management is of concern for two main reasons:

1 - The _____ and timing of runoff water
2 - The potential _____ that the water is carrying which can contribute to _____ _____.

A

1 - volume

2 - contaminants, water pollution

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Q

Define NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION:

A

Where pollutants enter a river from multiple land uses that can’t be specifically identified.

Q

To reduce the quantity and improve the quality of rainwater runoff:

1 - Limit the number of _____ surfaces
2 - _____ rainwater
3 - Adopt some _____-_____ strategies

A

1 - impervious
2 - reuse
3 - low-impact

Q

What is LEED’s definition for an IMPERVIOUS SURFACE?

A

A surface having a prerviousness of less than 50%.

Less than 50% of the rainwater and/or surface water is absorbed into the ground

Q

List three methods of “low-impact development.”

1 - _____ _____ (or planted areas)
2 - _____ and vegetated _____ (includes running water through _____ or _____)
3 - _____ ponds (_____ ponds)

A

1 - Rain gardens (or planted areas)
2 - Bioswales and vegetated filters (includes running water through compost or rocks)
3 - Dry ponds (detention ponds)

Q

Define DRY POND (detention pond)

A

A basin whose outlets have been designed to detain rainwater runoff for some minimum time (e.g. 24 hours) while the rainwater slowly seeps into the ground or discharge . This allows pollutants to settle.

Q

Define WET POND (retention pond)

A

A pond designed to hold a specific amount of water indefinitely (reservoir)

Q

Define HEAT ISLAND EFFECT

A

a result created when developed areas have higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas.

Identify three causes of heat island effect: 1 - _____ heating up _____ colored surfaces such as _____ and _____ 2 - _____ streets and _____ buildings reducing air flow through the city 3 - vehicle _____

1 - sunlight heating up dark colored surfaces such as roads and rooftops 2 - narrow streets and tall buildings reducing the air flow through the city 3 - vehicle exhaust

Identify seven strategies to reducing heat islands: 1 - Minimizing the _____ footprint 2 - Undercover/underground _____ 3 - Using hardscape materials with high _____ 4 - Installing surfaces that have a high solar _____ (SR) or high solar _____ index (SRI) 5 - Installing green _____ 6 - Providing _____ from trees, structures covered by _____ _____, or architectural devices with high _____ material 7 - Using open-grid _____

``` 1 - development 2 - parking 3 - reflectance 4 - reflectance, reflectivity 5 - roofs 6 - shade, solar panels, SRI 7 - paving ```

The solar reflectivity index (SRI) measures how a _____ material will _____ solar heat.

Roofing, reject

The solar reflectance (SR) of an object is used for all _____-_____ materials to measure how a material will reject solar heat.

Non-roofing

Define the "AGED VALUE" of a material's SRI or SR:

How the material is going to perform years down the road. Materials get dirty; they get worn down, and perform less as time goes on.

Solar reflectance measures a surface material's ability to _____ sunlight on a scale of 0 to 1 with black paint having a solar reflectance of _____.

Reflect, 0

What do you call the measurement of how much heat or infrared radiation a material is able to shed back into the atmosphere.

Emissivity

The solar reflectance index (SRI) is a combined metric of which two factors?

Solar reflectance and emissivity

Regarding SRI - the higher the number on a scale of 0 to 100, the _____.

Better

Define FAR and explain how to calculate it.

Floor area ratio The total building square footage (building area) divided by the site size square footage.

"One of the objectives of green building is to build '_____' rather than '_____', thereby having a _____ building footprint to maximize _____ _____ and promote _____."

``` Up Out Smaller Open space Biodiversity ```

# Define EVAPOTRANSPIRATION "Projects in dry climates want to use plants that have _____ evapotranspiration rates which require _____ water..."

An energy-absorbing process that actually cools the surrounding area. Low Less

"For LEED, only pavement that is at least _____% pervious is allowed to be counted as _____-_____ pavement."

50 | Open-grid

LEED uses the BUG method for _____ pollution reduction.

Light

Define the BUG METHOD.

Backlight Up light Glare (Used to reduce light pollution)

Identify three methods to prevent light pollution: 1 - Lighting _____ 2 - Lighting _____ 3 - Light _____ and _____

1 - design - uses the BUG method 2 - controls - such as automatic light shut offs 3 - fixtures, placement (such as full cutoff, fully shielded, and partially shielded lamps that help direct light down and prevent it from escaping from a project site)

Define IESNA

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

Define LIGHT TRESPASS

Where light escapes the project and goes beyond the project border. (Horizontally and/or vertically)

LEED considers _____ and other unwanted _____ to be pests.

Weeds | Plants