Sustainable Development including georesources

Question 1

What event in 1992 sets out the 27 principles for SD?

Answer 1

Rio 1992

Question 2

Who did not sign Rio +10?

Answer 2

Australia and USA

Question 3

Which three people did not attend Rio +20

Answer 3

Camera, Merkel or Obama

Question 4

What does the 1987 Brundtland report do?

Answer 4

Acknowledge that poverty is both a cause and an effect of climate change, although it frustratingly remained capitalist in its outlook

Question 5

What are the three components of vulnerability?

Answer 5

exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity

Question 6

What is the FT Figures for 2018 for Nigeria?

Answer 6

90% of Forex comes from oil, but only 9% only GDP does thus promoting the risk of the country becoming a rentier state. Income tax is only 7% of GDP which makes the country less effective at tax collection than is Burkino Faso, despite being Africa’s largest economy

Question 7

If 90% of Forex comes from oil, but only 9% only GDP does, what risk does this promote?

Answer 7

That if there are sudden fluctuations in the price of oil, Nigeria becomes particularly vulnerable

Question 8

What is dutch disease?

Answer 8

When a country’s currency appreciates due to the price of oil, it becomes harder for other businesses to export

Question 9

When was the resistance movement to shell in Nigeria?

Answer 9

1990s

Question 10

What are two figures of the resistance movement?

Answer 10

MOSOP and Ken Saro-Wiwa

Question 11

What are three reasons that geo resource extraction can contribute to development goals?

Answer 11

Affordable, reliable energy
Fossil fuels still need to account for 80% by 2030
More to social responsibility than simply climate change

Question 12

What is it called when a company gives a lot of good press about its green credentials without actually doing much?

Answer 12

Greenwahsing

Question 13

What are four reasons why georesource extraction is good for development goals?

Answer 13

Health risks from flaring and from oil spills
Climate change inequality perpetuated
Wilful creation fo the problem from organisation
Human rights aspects of§ climate change

Question 14

Who argues for the rentier effect?

Answer 14

Ross 2001

Question 15

What is the other effect that Ross 2001 agues for?

Answer 15

Repression effect, where there is enough income to finance military expenditures and internal security.

Question 16

What does Berlant argue that a nation needs, and who argues that oil has eroded this for Nigeria?

Answer 16

Watts 2004 the unimagined community in Nigeria.

Question 17

Who talks about the attempt by Shell to gain social licence to operate

Answer 17

Zalik 2004

Question 18

What kind of model for development does Zalik argue that Shell promotes?

Answer 18

A command and control model