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PMQA > Suspensions And Emulsions > Flashcards

Suspensions And Emulsions Flashcards

1
Q

Disperse system in which solid, vehicle-insoluble particles (internal phase) are uniformly suspended by mechanical agitation

A

Suspensions

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2
Q

also called the external phase or dispersion system

A

continuous phase

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3
Q

also called the internal phase or dispersed phase

A

discontinuous phase

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4
Q

In general, three steps in ensuring formulation of suspension:

A

• Control particle size
• Use of thickeners
• Use of wetting agent

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5
Q

The greater the density, the greater the descent

A

Sedimentation

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6
Q

Aggregation will determine the type of suspension

A

Flocculation

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7
Q

To prevent air trapping

A

Wetting

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8
Q

Type of Suspension system

A

A. FLOCCULATED SYSTEM
B. DEFLOCCULATED SYSTEM

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9
Q

Particles appear as floccules like tufts of wool with loose fibrous structure

A

Flocculated System

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10
Q

Flocculated System is also known as

A

Coagulated or Colloidally Unstable system

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11
Q

Particles settle as a dense sediment, which becomes more compact after a given time interval

A

Deflocculated System

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12
Q

Deflocculated System is also known as

A

Peptized or Colloidally Stable system

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13
Q

Methods of Preparation of Suspensions

A

A. By discipitation method
B. By precipitation method

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14
Q

This process is done by dispersing the finely divided powders in an appropriate liquid vehicle.

A

Discipitation Method

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15
Q

This is applicable to those drugs in which its solubility is dependent on pH value.

A

Precipitation effected by changing the pH

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16
Q

Where simple chemistry is involved

A

By Double Decomposition Method

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17
Q

Factors in Suspension Formulation

A

1) Type of suspension desired
2) Formulation adjuvant
3) Preparation techniques

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18
Q

MAIN USE: form mechanical sheath or barrier around particles
• Do not reduce interfacial tension
• Differ in viscosity, thus used in high concentration

A

Protective colloid

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19
Q

increase the viscosity of water by binding water molecules, limiting their mobility or fluidity

A

Hydrophilic colloids (hydrocolloids)

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20
Q

incompatible with quarternary antibacterial agents and other positively charged ions

A

Anionic hydrocolloids

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21
Q

incompatible with negatively charged drugs and excipients

A

Chitosan

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22
Q

Acacia is usually ___% dispersion in water (mucilage).

A

35%

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23
Q

Acacia viscosity is greatest between pH _____

A

5 - 9

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24
Q

Tragacanth is usually used as ___% dispersion in water (mucilage).

A

6%

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25
Q

Tragacanth has an advantage over acacia in that less is needed, and does not contain _____

A

Oxidase

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26
Q

The viscosity of tragacanth is greatest at pH

A

5

27
Q

polymer that is nonionic and stable to heat and light

A

Methylcellulose

28
Q

anionic material that is soluble in water

A

CMC

29
Q

Clay Group – EXAMPLE:

A

bentonite, veegum, magnesium aluminum alginate

30
Q

Suspending Agents that are strongly hydrated and exhibit thixotropy

A

Clay Group

31
Q

Official form of bentonite is

A

5% magma

32
Q

is hydrated to a greater degree than bentonite

A

Veegum

33
Q

Type of mill used for the reduction of solid particles size and for dispersion of suspensions containing poorly wetted solids.

A

Rotor Stator

34
Q

These are semi solid systems consisting of fine dispersions made up of either small inorganic particles or large organic molecules, enclosing and interpenetrated by a liquid.

A

Gels

35
Q

A suspension that appears as masses of gel, consist of floccules of small, distinct particles.

A

Magmas and Milks

36
Q

Mostly contain finely powdered substances that are insoluble in the dispersion medium and dispersing agents.

A

Lotions

37
Q

hydrated aluminum silicate clay

A

Bentonite

38
Q

aluminum – magnesium silicate

A

Veegum

39
Q

thermodynamically unstable two-phase system consisting of at least two immiscible liquids

A

Emulsions

40
Q

Purposes of emulsions

A

1) Increased drug solubility
2) Increased drug stability
3) Prolonged drug action
4) Improved taste
5) Improved appearance

41
Q

appear as translucent or transparent and have droplet diameter in the nanometer range (100Å - 1000Å)

A

Microemulsion

42
Q

mixtures of a biphasic o/w system stabilized with surfactants

A

Microemulsion

43
Q

rapid formation of aggregates or emulsion droplets

A

Coalescence

44
Q

result of the interaction of relativity weak particles

A

Flocculation

45
Q

IV and oral

A

o/w type

46
Q

IM

A

w/o type

47
Q

help the production of stable dispersion by reducing interfacial tension and then maintaining the separation of the droplets by forming a barrier at the interface

A

Emulsifying agents

48
Q

best emulsifying agent for extemporaneously prepared oral emulsion

A

ACACIA

49
Q

Increase the viscosity of an emulsion and prevent creaming

A

TRAGACANTH

50
Q

Provides good emulsion stabilization in a concentration of 0.5 to 1%

A

GELATIN

51
Q

Used as a primary emulsifier with mineral oil and cod liver oil, and yields an o/w emulsion.

A

Methylcellulose

52
Q

It tolerates alcohol up to 40%

A

Carboxymethylcellulose

53
Q

It is usually between 1 and 20 is allocated to an emulsifying agent and represents the relative proportions of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecule, and produce an o/w emulsion.

A

HLB number

54
Q

HLB 3-6 indicate

A

lipophilic molecule, produce w/o emulsion

55
Q

HLB 8-18 indicate

A

hydrophilic molecule, produce o/w emulsion

56
Q

Antifoaming hlb values

A

1-3

57
Q

Emulsifier (w/o) hlb values

A

3-6

58
Q

Emulsifier (o/w) hlb values

A

8-18

59
Q

Wetting Agents hlb values

A

7-9

60
Q

Solubilizers hlb values

A

15-20

61
Q

Detergents hlb values

A

13-16

62
Q

Equipment for emulsions which produce extremely fine particles for moderately viscous emulsions

A

ULTRASONIFIER

63
Q

ideal for slow mixing of finished emulsions which have been prepared by melting of the waxes

A

MECHANICAL STIRRERS

PMQA (5 decks)

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