Surveys and Questionnaires Flashcards

1
Q

Surveys

A

composed of a series of questions that are posed to a group of subjects

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2
Q

T/F surveys can be conducted as a written or electronic questionnaire

A

True

Can also be conducted as an oral interview

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3
Q

Questionnaires

A

Structured surveys, self administered

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4
Q

Advantages of surveys and questionnaires

A

generally more efficient than interviews because respondents complete on their own time

data can be gathered from a large sample in a wide geographical distribution in a short time

standardized written forms used to reduce potential bias from interactions with the interviewer

particularly useful for assessing attitudes/values

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5
Q

disadvantages of surveys and questionnaires

A

not as useful for studying behavior that require objective observation

potential for misunderstanding or misinterpreting questions or responses

accuracy or motivation of respondent unknown

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6
Q

Major concerns of surveys and questionnaires

A
  1. Low Return Rate
    - 60-80% excellent
    - 30-60% for most studies
  2. Self Report
    - researcher doesn’t directly observe behavior
  • always some potential for bias
  • subject to recall bias when asked to remember past events
  • generally valid for variables such as injury, mobility function, etc.
  • only direct way to obtain information for perceptions, fears, motivations, and attitudes
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7
Q

Design of surveys

A
  1. identify questions
  2. formulate hypothesis
  3. develop a questionnaire outline
  4. review any existing instruments
  5. design the instrument
  6. preliminary drafts
  7. pilot testing and revisions
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8
Q

Open ended questions

A

ask respondents to answer in their own words

useful for asking for feelings/opinions without bias by researcher

used in pilot study to determine range or responses, then converted to MC item

difficult to code and analyze

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9
Q

Closed end questions

A

should be exhaustive and mutually exclusive

provide MC questions

easily coded and provide great uniformity across responses

doesn’t allow respondents to express their own personal viewpoints

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10
Q

ordinal scales

A
used with ordinal variables:
pain measured by min, mod, severe
function by min assist, mod, max, dependent
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11
Q

Systematic review

A

uses explicit methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesize results

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12
Q

Narrative review

A

good source of information on background of a specific topic

doesn’t include a detailed description of methods/criteria used to select/evaluate articles

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13
Q

Meta analysis

A

synthesizes results as part of a systematic review

uses quantitative methods to develop single overall estimate of intervention effect

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14
Q

Types of bias

A

selection
performance
attrition
detection

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15
Q

Forest plots

A

results for meta analysis

what is direction of effect?
what is size of effect?
whether effects are consistent across studies

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