Inferential Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

To make a decision about the population group based on the information of the sample group

A

Inferential Statistics

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2
Q

Population

A

The complete collection to be studied

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3
Q

Sample

A

part of the population of interested selected for the study

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4
Q

Sampling errors

A

differences between the sample values and population values

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5
Q

Sample selection is required to be __

A

random

random selection implies all members have an equal opportunity to be chosen

doesn’t guarantee proportional representation of all parts of the population

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6
Q

Sampling distribution of a statistic

A

distribution of values taken by the statistic in all possible samples of the same size from the same population

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7
Q

Sampling distribution of means

A

distribution of sample means. Called standard error of the mean.

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8
Q

Sampling distribution of means formula

A

𝑠/βˆšπ‘›

where n = sample size

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9
Q

Common use of Inferential Statistics

A

estimate population parameters

compare between groups

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10
Q

SHT procedure

A
  1. state statistical hypotheses (null and alternative)
  2. Select level of significance
  3. Decide which test to use
  4. Make a decision to reject or retain null hypothesis based on p value
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11
Q

p value

A

major resulting value of running a SHT

quantifies how consistent your sample values are with null hypothesis

ranges from 0-1

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12
Q

large p value

A

closer to 1:

sample values are consistent with null hypothesis

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13
Q

small p-value

A

closer to 0:

sample values are not consistent with null hypothesis

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14
Q

how to make decision to reject or retain null hypothesis based on p value and 𝛼

A

compare p value to preset level of significant (𝛼).

if 𝛼= 0.05 and p value < 0.05, reject null hypothesis

if p value > 0.05 retain null hypothesis.

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15
Q

if p > .05 you can decide that

A

observed difference is not significant

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16
Q

if p < .05 you can decide that

A

observed difference is significant

17
Q

Potential errors for SHT

A

any one decision can be correct or incorrect

it can be classified into four possible decision outcomes

18
Q

if the null hypothesis is true and you reject the null hypothesis, this is considered

A

Type I error

19
Q

if the null hypothesis is false and you reject the null hypothesis this is

A

correct

20
Q

if the null hypothesis is false and you do not reject the null hypothesis this is

A

Type II error

21
Q

If the CI contains a null value:

A

the effect is not significant

22
Q

If the CI does not contain the null value

A

effect is significant