Outcome measures Flashcards

1
Q

T/F most measurements are directly observable

A

False

we can measure only a correlate of the actual property

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2
Q

Biomarker

A

objective, quantifiable characteristics of biological process.

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3
Q

surrogate endpoint

A

substitute for clinically meaningful endpoint

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4
Q

Match Terms:
Reliability, Validity

Accuracy, Consistency

A

Reliability = Consistency

Validity = Accuracy

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5
Q

Correlation

A

the degree of association between 2 sets of data

draw scatter plot to visualize

correlation coefficient (r) to quantify it

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6
Q

Test-Retest reliability

A

consistency of repeated measurements that are separated in time

stability of a measurement

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7
Q

Intrarater reliability

A

consistency of repeated measurements by same PT at different times

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8
Q

Interrater reliability

A

Consistency of repeated measurements by multiple PTs.

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9
Q

Internal consistency

A

Consistency over multiple items or parts in a test, where each part is supposed to measure one concept

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10
Q

Face validity

A

does the content of the test appear to be suitable to its aims?

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11
Q

content validity

A

is the test fully representative of what it aims to measure?

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12
Q

construct validity

A

does the test measure the concept that it is intended to measure?

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13
Q

Dichotomous scale

A

categorical
two point scale
yes/no, T/F

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14
Q

5 point Likert scale

A

ordinal
5 point scale
always/often/sometimes/rarely/never

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15
Q

Visual Analog Scale

A
  • continuous
  • line with verbal anchors at either end
  • put mark at point corresponding to rating
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16
Q

Performance Based outcome measurement

A

when patient is required to perform a set of functional tasks

FIM

17
Q

Self reported outcome measurement

A

when patient is required to complete a questionnaire

Owestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI)

18
Q

Error Parameters

A

quantify errors in measurements

not as widely reported as reliability or validity

important to determine amount of error associated with patient’s outcome measure

19
Q

Standard error of measurement

A

amount of variability that can be attributed to measurement error

20
Q

Minimal detectable change

A

minimal change a patient must show on scale to ensure that the observed change is real

21
Q

Clinical Utility Considerations

A

appropriateness of test for application

precision of test to accurately change measure

interpretability of the test to individual’s situation

acceptability of test to individual

time and cost of administering the test

22
Q

Cohen’s kappa

A

a measure of agreement between to categorical variables

23
Q

PR(o)

A

probability of relative observed agreement

24
Q

Pr(e)

A

probability of expected agreement just by chance among 2 examiners

25
Q

Interpretation of Cohen’s Kappa

A
decimal between 0 and +1
 \+1 = perfect agreement
0 = no agreement
0-.4 = poor
.4-.75 = fair to good
.75-1 = excellent
26
Q

Which reliability doesn’t use kappa or correlation coefficient to check?

A

internal consistency

it uses Cronbach’s alpha

27
Q

Confirmatory factor analysis

A

investigates construct validity

how well measurement represents the number of constructs

28
Q

Cluster Analysis

A

investigates construct validity

statistical procedure used to classify a group of subjects on the basis of a set of measured variables into a number of different groups