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Psyc2012 > Survey & Questionnaire Analysis > Flashcards

Survey & Questionnaire Analysis Flashcards

0
Q

Descriptive correlation

A 
Describes characteristics of a sample:
Central tendency (mean, median, mode)
Dispersion (kurtosis, variance, standard deviation)
Symmetry (skew)
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1
Q

What are the two methods of correlation?

A

Descriptive

Inferential

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2
Q

Inferential correlation

A

Used to make inferences from a sample to a pop

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3
Q

Normal distribution is

A

The mean = median = mode (bell curve)

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4
Q

Variance is calculated by

A

Take each score and subtract the mean

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5
Q

Total deviation is calculated by

A

Adding all the variances. Squaring this becomes the sum of squared errors

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6
Q

Average of the error (variance)

A

Sum of square error divided by the n -1

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7
Q

Alternative hypothesis means

A

An effect does exist

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8
Q

When talking about hypothesis we don’t say it is proven or correct we say it is

A

Supported or unsupported

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9
Q

If we see a certain result/quality in our research we either ……… Or ……… The hypothesis

A

Reject or retain

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10
Q

Standard error tells you if

A

2 means actually come from the sand population

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11
Q

Alpha is used to decide if

A

A result is significant or not

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12
Q

Alpha represents an

A

Error rate. How much you’re willing to be wrong

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13
Q

Alpha rate is

A

.05

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14
Q

More conservative alpha rate is

A

.01

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15
Q

1st question Inferential stats addresses

A

Relationship between variables (correlation, regression)

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16
Q

2nd q inferential stats addresses

A

Difference between groups on variable of interest (T-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA)

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17
Q

3rd question inferential stats addresses

A

Predicting group membership (discriminant function analysis)

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18
Q

4th question inferential stats addresses

A

Underlying structure (factor analysis)

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19
Q

3 types of correlation relationship

A

Linear (positive or neg)
Curvilinear (relationship does not fall on a straight line)
No relationship

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20
Q

Spurious correlations

A

Bed sheet tangled death and ski field accidents

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21
Q

Use scatter plots to look at

A

Correlation/relationships

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22
Q

Positive relationship in correlation means that as

A

As one variable goes up so does the other (ie grades and editing time) same direction

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23
Q

Negative relationship

A

As one variable goes up the other goes down

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24
Q

When looking at scatter plots/grams you need to see if it:

A 
Straight line
Monotonic (has one line)
Relationship type
Cluster
Gaps
Outliers
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25
Q

Covariance is

A

Are two variable associated. Eg if changes with one variable result in changes in the other.

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26
Q

How do we calculate covariance?

A

Calculate total amount of deviation

27
Q

Cross product deviations

A

Used to examine covariance. Take deviations of both variables and multiply them. If both variances positive then it’s positive. If one of each then it’s negative.

28
Q

Covariance is NOT a

A

Standardised measure

29
Q

To convert covariance into a standardised measure we convert it into….

A

Pearson’s r

30
Q

Pearson’s converts our scores into

A

Z scores

31
Q

r ranges from

A

-.1 - -.5

32
Q

-.1 is a

A

Small effect

33
Q

-.3 is a

A

Medium effect

34
Q

-.5 is a

A

Large effect

35
Q

r is so useful as it shows us

A

The shared variance that 2 variables have. How much overlap. This is done by squaring the r

36
Q

Many different types of correlation tests. How to decide which one to use?

A

Depends on your measurement

37
Q

We use pearons r for measurements when they are

A

Interval or ratio

38
Q

Pearson’s r will only catch a

A

Linear correlation

39
Q

Pearson’s r is a ……….. Statistic

A

Descriptive

40
Q

If sample size is large enough it becomes very easy to get

A

Significance

41
Q

Psychometrics uses two criteria to address quality

A

Reliability

Validity

42
Q

Reliability is

A

Concerned with internal properties of a scale. Reliability assessed using correlation. Weighing the gold…how reliable is the scale to CONSISTENTLY produce the same results? Consistency or stability of a measure of behaviour

43
Q

Validity is

A

Concerned with external properties of a scale. Does it correlate with other variables/scales? Does the scale measure the construct that you think it is measuring?

44
Q

It has to be reliable to be…

A

Valid

45
Q

Doesn’t have to be valid to be

A

Reliable

46
Q

Any measure of behaviour has 2 components…

A 
True score (real score on variable)
Measurement error
47
Q

Confidence interval is

A

How sure we are that a true score falls between a certain range

48
Q

4 types of reliability

A

Internal consistency
Test-retest
Inter-rater
Parallel forms

49
Q

5 methods used to test internal consistency

A 
Split-half
Inter-item
Item-total
Alpha reliability
Item analysis
50
Q

Split-half reliability takes your items and

A

Randomly Splits items into 2 to if there is a good correlation btwn to halves. Good correlation = good reliability

51
Q

Alpha reliability splits items in half to see if they correlate then

A

Randomly splits them again. Then again. Does every possible split and averages an overall number

52
Q

Alpha is a

A

Coefficient

53
Q

Alpha ranges from

A

-1 to +1

54
Q

An alpha .7 and above indicates

A

Acceptable internal reliability for a set of items

55
Q

.6 alpha can be argued to be acceptable if

A

Your study is based on introspection/ qualitative measures

56
Q

If you have a - (negative) alpha

A

Something has gone wrong

57
Q

Inter-item reliability is

A

When you take all of the correlations for each of the pairing of items and get the average

58
Q

Item analysis is

A

Internally and reliably Differentiates between varying attitudes if ppl doing your questionnaire. Is there a difference btwn high raters and low raters

59
Q

Test re-test reliability

A

Give test and then later after some time give same test again.

60
Q

Test-retest measures

A

Consistency

61
Q

Test-retest shows a correlation when scores are less than

A

.7

62
Q

String correlations btwn scores in Test-retest indicates that the construct being measured is

A

Stable

63
Q

Inter-rater reliability is

A

Agreement btwn 2 raters on scores they have given on a measure of behaviour

64
Q

In inter-rater reliability the correlation of ……is considered acceptable

A

.8

65
Q

Parallel forms of reliability is

A

When there are two versions of the same test given on different occasions

Psyc2012 (11 decks)

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